Effect sizes of cognitive-behavioral therapies on selected outcome variables.
| Outcome | No. Study Arms | No. Patients | Effect Size, SMD (95% CI) | Test for Overall Effect, p | Heterogeneity, I2 (%); Tau2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posttreatment | |||||
| 1. Pain | 13 | 664 | −0.24 (−0.54, 0.05) | 0.10 | 70; 0.2 |
| 2. Fatigue | 4 | 200 | 0.05 (−0.23, 0.34) | 0.71 | 0; 0 |
| 3. Sleep | 4 | 141 | −0.15 (−0.60, 0.29) | 0.50 | 41; 0.08 |
| 4. Depressed mood | 12 | 631 | −0.24 (−0.40, −0.08) | 0.004 | 0; 0 |
| 5. HRQOL | 10 | 517 | −0.13 (−0.40, 0.15) | 0.37 | 56; 0.11 |
| 6. Self-efficacy pain | 9 | 476 | 0.85 (0.25, 1.46) | 0.006 | 89; 0.76 |
| Latest followup | |||||
| 1. Pain | 10 | 527 | −0.20 (−0.57, 0.16) | 0.28 | 76; 0.26 |
| 2. Fatigue | 4 | 200 | −0.33 (−0.87, 0.21) | 0.23 | 70; 0.21 |
| 3. Sleep | 4 | 141 | −0.30 (−1.04, 0.44) | 0.44 | 78; 0.43 |
| 4. Depressed mood | 8 | 494 | −0.16 (−0.35, 0.02) | 0.07 | 0; 0 |
| 5. HRQOL | 7 | 393 | 0.04 (−0.21, 0.28) | 0.77 | 31; 0.03 |
| 6. Self-efficacy pain | 7 | 396 | 0.90 (0.14, 1.66) | 0.02 | 92; 0.06 |
| 7. No. physician visits | 2 | 121 | −1.57 (−2.00, −1.14) | < 0.001 | 0; 0 |
HRQOL: Health-related quality of life; SMD: Standardized mean difference.