Associations between metabolic syndrome and different uric acid-eGFR groups in men aged 20–49 years (n = 17,478).
| Group | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (n = 11,532) | B (n = 1122) | C (n = 3913) | D (n = 911) | ||
| eGFR-MDRDc | 110.9 ± 13.6 | 84.2 ± 7.1 | 107.8 ± 13.0 | 82.1 ± 10.2 | < 0.0001* |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 8.7 ± 1.0 | 9.0 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001* |
| Age, yrs (%) | 40.7 ± 6.2 | 44.1 ± 4.6 | 40.4 ± 6.3 | 43.8 + 4.9 | < 0.0001* |
| 20–29 | 624 (5.4) | 16 (1.4) | 240 (6.1) | 9 (1.0) | |
| 30–39 | 3801 (33.0) | 171 (15.2) | 1374 (35.1) | 161 (17.7) | |
| 40–49 | 7107 (61.6) | 935 (83.3) | 2299 (58.8) | 741 (81.3) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.4 | 25.0 ± 3.1 | 26.2 ± 3.7 | 26.4 ± 3.2 | < 0.0001* |
| BMI ≥ 27 (%) | 1989 (17.2) | 265 (23.6) | 1390 (35.5) | 352 (38.6) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.48 (1.28–1.72) | 2.64 (2.44–2.87) | 3.02 (2.62–3.48) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.41 (1.22–1.64) | 2.66 (2.45–2.89) | 2.89 (2.50–3.33) | |
| TG, mg/dl | 138.8 ± 111.2 | 151.1 ± 113.2 | 188.3 ± 153.5 | 181.8 ± 112.7 | < 0.0001* |
| TG ≥ 150 (%) | 3413 (29.6) | 405 (36.1) | 1962 (50.1) | 463 (50.8) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.34 (1.18–1.53) | 2.39 (2.22–2.58) | 2.46 (2.15–2.82) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.18 (1.04–1.34) | 2.50 (2.32–2.69) | 2.20 (1.92–2.52) | |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 190.8 ± 34.8 | 201.3 ± 36.7 | 199.5 ± 37.0 | 207.0 ± 38.4 | < 0.0001* |
| ≥ 200 (%) | 4272 (37.0) | 555 (49.5) | 1876 (47.9) | 497 (54.6) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.66 (1.47–1.88) | 1.56 (1.45–1.68) | 2.04 (1.78–2.34) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | 1.61 (1.50–1.74) | 1.81 (1.58–2.08) | |
| HDL-C mg/dl | 50.0 ± 11.8 | 49.1 ± 11.3 | 46.5 ± 10.9 | 46.2 ± 10.1 | < 0.0001* |
| < 40/50 (%) | 2055 (17.8) | 231 (20.6) | 1046 (26.7) | 239 (26.2) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.20 (1.03–1.39) | 1.68 (1.54–1.83) | 1.64 (1.40–1.91) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 1.70 (1.56–1.85) | 1.57 (1.34–1.83) | |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 114.0 ± 30.9 | 123.0 ± 32.7 | 117.9 ± 32.2 | 125.8 + 34.0 | < 0.0001* |
| ≥ 130 (%) | 3223 (27.9) | 437 (38.9) | 1325 (33.9) | 369 (40.5) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.64 (1.45–1.87) | 1.32 (1.22–1.43) | 1.75 (1.53–2.02) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.48 (1.30–1.68) | 1.34 (1.24–1.45) | 1.59 (1.38–1.83) | |
| MBP, mm Hg | 93.5 ± 11.0 | 94.3 ± 12.2 | 97.2 ± 11.8 | 98.9 ± 13.7 | < 0.0001* |
| Hypertension (%) | 952 (8.3) | 113 (10.1) | 570 (14.6) | 156 (17.1) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.24 (1.01–1.53) | 1.89 (1.70–2.12) | 2.30 (1.91–2.76) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) | 1.92 (1.72–2.15) | 2.12 (1.76–2.56) | |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 95.5 ± 26.8 | 94.8 ± 23.2 | 95.0 ± 18.4 | 95.4 ± 18.7 | 0.5630* |
| ≥ 110 (%) | 705 (6.1) | 66 (5.9) | 265 (6.8) | 66 (7.2) | 0.2675† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 1.12 (0.96–1.29) | 1.20 (0.92–1.56) | |
| Adjusted OR | (reference) | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Yes (%) | 892 (7.7) | 129 (11.5) | 659 (16.8) | 174 (19.1) | < 0.0001† |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.55 (1.27–1.88) | 2.42 (2.17–2.69) | 2.82 (2.36–3.37) | |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | (reference) | 1.41 (1.16–1.72) | 2.45 (2.20–2.73) | 2.58 (2.16–3.09) | |
A: uric acid ≤ 7.7 mg/dl and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I (eGFR-MDRDc ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2). B: uric acid ≤ 7.7 mg/dl and CKD stage II or higher (eGFR-MDRDc < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2). C: uric acid > 7.7 mg/dl and CKD stage I (eGFR-MDRDc ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2). D: uric acid > 7.7 mg/dl and CKD stage II or higher (eGFR-MDRDc < 90 ml/min/1.73 m2).
↵* ANOVA comparison of continuous variables.
↵† Chi-square test of categorical variables. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRDc: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease correction for Chinese; MBP: mean blood pressure = DBP + (SBP–DBP)/3; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (all mg/dl); TG: triglycerides.