Characteristic | RA Alone, n = 8,916 | RA + CVD, n = 608 | RA + Depression, n = 716 | RA + CVD + Depression, n = 58 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p* | Mean (SD) | p* | Mean (SD) | p* | |
Medications | |||||||
NSAID | 2.07 (3.57) | 1.52 (3.03) | < 0.001 | 1.94 (3.37) | 0.866 | 0.74 (1.60) | 0.025 |
COX-2 inhibitors | 1.25 (2.98) | 1.05 (2.57) | 0.153 | 1.28 (2.83) | 0.185 | 1.16 (3.08) | 0.603 |
Narcotic analgesics | 2.65 (5.66) | 4.60 (11.51) | < 0.001 | 6.07 (9.27) | < 0.001 | 12.59 (13.60) | < 0.001 |
Corticosteroids | 3.31 (4.53) | 3.87 (4.77) | < 0.001 | 3.91 (5.22) | < 0.001 | 4.34 (4.61) | 0.007 |
MTX | 5.10 (5.77) | 4.70 (5.59) | 0.023 | 4.79 (5.78) | 0.138 | 3.31 (4.28) | 0.006 |
Cytotoxic DMARD | 0.22 (1.47) | 0.25 (1.46) | 0.056 | 0.18 (1.13) | 0.647 | 0.84 (2.57) | < 0.001 |
Noncytotoxic DMARD | 1.31 (3.32) | 1.07 (2.97) | 0.186 | 1.22 (3.02) | 0.908 | 1.26 (3.30) | 0.719 |
Etanercept | 1.77 (4.08) | 1.55 (3.46) | 0.528 | 1.43 (3.27) | 0.289 | 2.36 (4.20) | 0.214 |
Adalimumab | 0.50 (2.08) | 0.38 (1.84) | 0.077 | 0.51 (2.06) | 0.787 | 0.34 (1.25) | 0.923 |
Infliximab | 0.98 (4.92) | 0.95 (2.48) | 0.249 | 1.06 (4.34) | 0.429 | 1.12 (2.64) | 0.232 |
Anakinra | 0.05 (0.65) | 0.04 (0.49) | 0.853 | 0.04 (0.42) | 0.638 | 0.07 (0.41) | 0.083 |
CV-related medications | 5.43 (10.05) | 18.57 (17.13) | < 0.001 | 6.62 (10.73) | < 0.001 | 20.78 (17.29) | < 0.001 |
Depression-related medications | 1.45 (3.77) | 2.37 (5.03) | < 0.001 | 8.71 (7.40) | < 0.001 | 11.95 (7.67) | < 0.001 |
Other medications | 20.69 (19.93) | 28.32 (28.14) | < 0.001 | 33.58 (27.02) | < 0.001 | 53.48 (35.15) | < 0.001 |
Total medication utilization | 46.79 (34.42) | 69.24 (49.95) | < 0.001 | 71.34 (44.77) | < 0.001 | 114.34 (62.30) | < 0.001 |
Outpatient | |||||||
Emergency room | 0.13 (0.44) | 0.33 (1.15) | < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.76 (0.93) | < 0.001 |
Management | 16.68 (19.90) | 23.81 (22.48) | < 0.001 | 28.44 (36.46) | < 0.001 | 42.02 (34.40) | < 0.001 |
CABG/angioplasty/PTCA | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.18) | < 0.001 | 0.00 (0.04) | 0.022 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.937 |
RA-related surgery | 0.11 (0.81) | 0.08 (0.65) | 0.566 | 0.17 (0.93) | 0.025 | 0.29 (1.23) | 0.038 |
Inflammation markers | 2.76 (3.98) | 2.88 (4.36) | 0.734 | 3.09 (4.52) | 0.032 | 2.86 (5.73) | 0.316 |
Tendon injections | 0.09 (0.46) | 0.19 (1.12) | < 0.001 | 0.18 (0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (0.38) | 0.125 |
Arthrocentesis | 0.54 (1.60) | 0.83 (2.52) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (1.78) | < 0.001 | 0.90 (1.96) | 0.12 |
Lab/radiology | 28.33 (24.55) | 38.26 (39.65) | < 0.001 | 35.41 (28.91) | < 0.001 | 46.66 (35.77) | < 0.001 |
Other outpatient ancillary | 17.07 (21.56) | 31.43 (36.48) | < 0.001 | 26.19 (40.74) | < 0.001 | 37.36 (35.55) | < 0.001 |
Inpatient | |||||||
Hospitalizations | 0.14 (0.54) | 0.43 (0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.32 (0.93) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (1.21) | < 0.001 |
Days in hospital | 0.85 (5.10) | 2.92 (11.29) | < 0.001 | 2.13 (12.49) | < 0.001 | 7.36 (18.13) | < 0.001 |
Evidence of hospitalization, n (%) | |||||||
All hospitalizations | 875 (9.8%) | 163 (26.8%) | < 0.001 | 130 (18.2%) | < 0.001 | 26 (44.8%) | < 0.001 |
RA-related hospitalizations | 483 (5.4%) | 57 (9.4%) | < 0.001 | 66 (9.2%) | < 0.001 | 9 (15.5%) | < 0.001 |
CV-related hospitalizations | 0 (0.0) | 51 (8.4%) | < 0.001 | 3 (0.4%) | < 0.001 | 7 (12.1%) | < 0.001 |
Depression-related hospitalizations | 2 (0.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.056 | 17 (2.4%) | 0.056 | 2 (3.4%) | < 0.001 |
↵* Reference group is RA Alone. CVD: cardiovascular disease, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.