Mean shoulder range of movement for those without shoulder pain/stiffness, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and current smoking.
| No Diabetes Mean Range (95% CI) | Diabetes Mean Range (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | |||
| Right | 160.1 (159.4–160.8) | 156.3 (153.5–159.1) | 0.007 |
| Left | 158.6 (158.0–159.3) | 154.6 (151.9–157.2) | 0.002 |
| Abduction | |||
| Right | 150.8 (150.0–151.6) | 145.1 (142.1–148.1) | < 0.001 |
| Left | 148.8 (148.1–149.6) | 144.1 (141.2–147.1) | 0.002 |
| External rotation | |||
| Right | 58.7 (58.0–59.4) | 55.8 (53.1–58.5) | 0.035 |
| Left | 56.6 (55.9–57.3) | 53.7 (51.0–56.4) | 0.032 |
t test p < 0.05.