Analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics among SLE and control patients by development of coronary artery disease (CAD).
| SLE | Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No CAD, n = 224 | CAD, n = 17 | p† | No CAD, n = 232 | CAD, n = 5 | p† |
| Age, yrs | 43.5 ± 11.9* | 53.6 ± 12.4 | 44.1 ± 14.1 | 65.6 ± 13.6 | ||
| Median | 43.0 | 56.0 | 0.002 | 42.0 | 69.0 | 0.006 |
| Caucasian/Black/Chinese/other, % | 75/11/7/7 | 94/0/0/6 | 0.32** | 88/3/5/3 | 100/0/0/0 | 1.00** |
| Education, < college, no. (%) | 87 (39.6) | 8 (47.1) | 0.54 | 33 (14.2) | 3 (60.0) | 0.03 |
| Postmenopausal, no. (%) | 84 (37.5) | 11 (64.7) | 0.03 | 61 (26.3) | 4 (80.0) | 0.02 |
| Age at menopause*, yrs | (n = 78) 45.6 ± 5.9 | (n = 11) 45.0 ± 5.8 | 0.59 | (n = 43) 49.4 ± 4.1 | (n = 3) 47.7 ± 1.5 | |
| Median | 47.0 | 46.0 | 50.0 | 48.0 | 0.19 | |
| Oral contraceptive, no. (%) | 11 (5.0) | 1 (5.9) | 0.87 | 32 (13.9) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Serum creatinine*, μmol/l | 78.9 ± 32.9 | 78.1 ± 19.1 | 70.3 ± 10.2 | 76.4 ± 18.2 | ||
| Median | 70.0 | 70.0 | 0.47 | 70.0 | 76.0 | 0.49 |
| ≥ 110 μmol/l, no. (%) | 20 (9.1) | 1 (5.9) | 1.00 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Sedentary lifestyle* | 37.0 ± 10.5 | 38.7 ± 8.4 | 41.3 ± 11.2 | 30.9 ± 9.9 | ||
| Median | 34.9 | 36.5 | 0.31 | 40.9 | 29.6 | 0.05 |
| < 28, no. (%) | 36 (16.1) | 2 (11.8) | 1.00 | 19 (8.2) | 2 (40.0) | 0.06 |
| Waist-hip ratio* | 0.80 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.08 | ||
| Median | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.12 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.16 |
| > 0.80, no. (%) | 102 (45.5) | 10 (58.8) | 0.29 | 67 (29.8) | 3 (60.0) | 0.15 |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 25.0 ± 6.4 | 26.3 ± 6.1 | 25.5 ± 5.8 | 29.7 ± 6.7 | ||
| Median | 23.7 | 23.8 | 0.30 | 24.3 | 30.7 | 0.14 |
| > 27 kg/m2 | 59 (26.3) | 7 (41.2) | 0.26 | 68 (29.3) | 3 (60.0) | 0.16 |
| Length of followup*, yrs | 7.3 + 2.2 | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 7.5 + 2.1 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | ||
| Median | 8.1 | 3.5 | < 0.0001 | 8.2 | 2.8 | 0.002 |
| Disease duration, yrs* | 13.6 ± 9.7 | 15.0 ± 10.6 | ||||
| Median | 11.8 | 16.0 | 0.65 | |||
| SLEDAI-2K | 4.27 ± 4.40 | 5.94 ± 5.71 | ||||
| Median | 4.00 | 6.00 | 0.19 | |||
| SLICC Damage Index | 1.32 ± 1.61 | 1.50 ± 1.67 | ||||
| Median | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.62 | |||
| Steroids, no. (%) | 117 (52.7) | 14 (82.4) | 0.02 | |||
| Antimalarials, no (%) | 119 (53.4) | 11 (64.7) | 0.37 | |||
| Immunosuppressives, no. (%) | 70 (31.4) | 4 (23.5) | 0.50 | |||
↵† Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare medians or Fisher's exact test to compare percentages as appropriate.
↵* Mean ± standard deviation;
↵** comparing Caucasian to all others. BMI: body mass index; SLEDAI: SLE Disease Activity Index; SLICC: SLE International Collaborating Clinics. NA: not available.