Clinical Variables at Each Visit | MCP-1 | OPG | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p* | Mean (SD) | p* | |
Age, yrs | ||||
< 20–44 (n = 89) | 0.66 (0.62) | 0.14 | 0.64 (0.62) | 0.40 |
45–77 (n = 67) | 0.50 (0.43) | 0.57 (0.50) | ||
Sex | ||||
Female (n = 141) | 0.61 (0.56) | 0.40 | 0.63 (0.59) | 0.18 |
Male (n = 15) | 0.46 (0.35) | 0.41 (0.29) | ||
Ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian (n = 61) | 0.48 (0.39) | 0.56 (0.60) | ||
African American (n = 77) | 0.63 (0.56) | 0.28 | 0.62 (0.54) | 0.81 |
Other (n = 18) | 0.81 (0.93) | 0.72 (0.63) | ||
Physician’s global estimate of disease activity | ||||
≥ 1.5 (n = 61) | 0.67 (0.65) | 0.15 | 0.78 (0.69) | 0.012 |
< 1.5 (n = 94) | 0.55 (0.47) | 0.51 (0.47) | ||
Renal activity visual analog scale (0 to 3 scale) | ||||
≥ 1.5 (n = 49) | 0.74 (0.68) | 0.032 | 0.88 (0.69) | 0.0006 |
< 1.5 (n = 107) | 0.53 (0.46) | 0.49 (0.47) | ||
Hematuria | ||||
Present (n = 12) | 1.16 (0.96) | 0.027 | 1.23 (0.99) | 0.0010 |
Absent (n = 144) | 0.55 (0.47) | 0.56 (0.50) | ||
Proteinuria | ||||
Present (n = 12) | 0.97 (0.72) | 0.25 | 0.97 (0.60) | 0.13 |
Absent (n = 144) | 0.56 (0.52) | 0.58 (0.56) | ||
Pyuria | ||||
Present (n = 9) | 0.65 (0.57) | 0.77 | 0.79 (0.82) | 0.55 |
Absent (n = 147) | 0.59 (0.55) | 0.60 (0.56) | ||
Anti-dsDNA | ||||
Present (n = 44) | 0.83 (0.74) | 0.016 | 0.80 (0.71) | 0.013 |
Absent (n = 112) | 0.50 (0.42) | 0.54 (0.49) | ||
Urine protein (dipstick) at visit | ||||
Present (n = 75) | 0.69 (0.61) | 0.13 | 0.68 (0.57) | 0.24 |
Absent (n = 77) | 0.47 (0.38) | 0.48 (0.47) | ||
Urine protein/creatinine ratio | ||||
≥ 0.5 (n = 55) | 0.69 (0.62) | 0.20 | 0.78 (0.60) | 0.032 |
< 0.5 (n = 99) | 0.51 (0.45) | 0.50 (0.51) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
Present (n = 23) | 0.62 (0.45) | 0.89 | 0.70 (0.49) | 0.53 |
Absent (n = 133) | 0.59 (0.56) | 0.60 (0.59) | ||
Use of ACE: inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker | ||||
Yes (n = 39) | 0.57 (0.46) | 0.73 | 0.56 (0.55) | 0.59 |
No (n = 117) | 0.60 (0.57) | 0.63 (0.58) | ||
Use of prednisone | ||||
Yes (n = 94) | 0.65 (0.56) | 0.18 | 0.71 (0.60) | 0.028 |
No (n = 61) | 0.51 (0.52) | 0.46 (0.50) |
↵* Based on a mixed-effects model to account for the fact that some patients contributed multiple observations. MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; OPG: osteoprotegerin; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme.