Demographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics of SLE patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Values are median (range) unless stated otherwise.
| Characteristic | Metabolic Syndrome | p† | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, n = 26 | No, n = 102 | ||
| Age, yrs | 52 (21–78) | 39 (16–73) | 0.001 |
| Female, % | 85 | 88 | NS |
| Duration of SLE, yrs | 12 (1–38) | 11 (0–50) | NS |
| Age of SLE onset, yrs | 32 (17–76) | 28 (11–58) | 0.006 |
| Education level, yrs | 8 (0–15) | 11 (0–17) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32 (22–51) | 24 (18–41) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 104 (83–123) | 82 (64–116) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 134 (95–164) | 116 (80–160) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 86 (60–100) | 74 (51–103) | 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 50 (26–96) | 42 (20–80) | 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 88 (70–165) | 81 (58–127) | < 0.001 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin, % | 5.8 (5.0–9.0) | 5.5 (4.0–7.0) | 0.006 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 162 (77–287) | 88 (36–201) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 202 (122–285) | 178 (114–283) | NS |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 46 (19–96) | 61 (36–108) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 127 (67–202) | 101 (44–170) | 0.006 |
| Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 13 (8–17) | 14 (10–17) | NS |
| White cell count, 109/l | 5.6 (2.2–14.1) | 5.4 (2.5–13.1) | NS |
| Insulin, mU/l | 12.5 (3–30) | 6.9 (2–29) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA index | 2.5 (1–12) | 1.4 (0–6) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin resistance, %* | 48 | 19 | 0.002 |
| Microalbuminuria, mg/l | 125 (5–326) | 115 (18–256) | NS |
| Other traditional risk factors, % | |||
| Hypertension | 85 | 51 | 0.002 |
| Dyslipidemia | 96 | 69 | 0.009 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 | 1 | 0.001 |
| Obesity | 81 | 12 | < 0.001 |
| Current smokers | 31 | 48 | NS |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 46 | 42 | NS |
| Family history of premature CVD | 15 | 17 | NS |
| Alcohol consumption | 15 | 20 | NS |
| Postmenopausal status | 41 | 20 | NS |