Table 1.

Characteristics and quality of studies comparing brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched healthy controls.

	Patients with SLE						Controls					Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
Study	Mean Age, yrs	N	Female, %	Disease Duration, mo	EDD ± SD, %	EID ± SD, %	Mean Age, yrs	N	Female, %	EDD ± SD, %	EID ± SD, %	Selection	Comparability	Exposure	Total
Ahmadi¹⁹	29.6	84	100	68.4	8.50 ± 7.52^*	7.94 ± 12.42^*	26.5	18	100	15.84 ± 6.88	24.70 ± 9.42	3	2	2	7
Cypiene⁸	37.33	30	100	96.12	9.25 ± 5.15	NR	37.45	66	100	9.69 ± 3.29	NR	3	1	2	6
Ghosh⁹	31	60	90	60	9.97 ± 5.51	23.64 ± 7.25	34	38	86.8	18.97 ± 6.42	22.53 ± 7.19	3	2	2	7
Johnson¹⁰	47.1	5	100	198.8	9.62 ± 5.54	14.76 ± 6.04	42.4	5	100	11.08 ± 2.63	12.14 ± 6.05	2	1	2	5
Karadag¹¹	40	25	100	90	7.10 ± 2.10	NR	38	22	100	11.40 ± 1.20	NR	3	1	2	6
Kiss¹⁷	41.15	33	85.2	122.4	8.81 ± 5.28	17.75 ± 8.60	48.54	26	84.6	9.86 ± 3.87	18.23 ± 8.10	1	2	2	5
Lima¹⁵	29	69	100	NR	5.00 ± 5.00	14 ± 6	29	35	100	12.00 ± 6.00	16.00 ± 6.00	3	2	2	7
Piper⁷	40.6^**	36	100	120	5.60^** ± 3.13^*	21.50^** ± 10.55^*	46.0^**	22	100	8.00^** ± 1.38^*	21.50^** ± 4.57^*	2	2	2	6
Rajagopalan¹⁸	37	43	100	NR	3.70 ± 3.50	20.60 ± 9.0	35	43	50	6.50 ± 3.50	19.60 ± 6.00	2	2	2	6
Svenungsson¹⁴	52.2	26	100	240	6.40 ± 4.20	18.20 ± 9.40	52.3	26	100	5.10 ± 5.00	19.10 ± 9.10	4	2	2	8
Valdivielso¹³	34	26	96.2	NR	12.49 ± 4.47	23.21 ± 6.55	35	21	95.2	16.91 ± 5.58	25.34 ± 5.78	3	2	2	7
Wright¹⁶	45	32	88	180	2.40^** ± 3.53^*	16.20^** ± 9.49^*	40	19	79	5.80^** ± 3.92^*	15.40^** ± 3.08^*	3	2	2	7
Zhang¹²	34.4	111	100	112.8	10.87 ± 5.42	27.02 ± 8.84	34.5	40	100	14.23 ± 4.11	29.13 ± 6.53	3	1	2	6

EDD: endothelium-dependent dilation at brachial artery; EID: endothelium-independent dilation at brachial artery; NR: not reported.
↵* Estimated by multiple imputation with 1000 imputations;
↵** median.