RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Chronic Pain and Assessment of Pain Sensitivity in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From the SPARTAKUS Cohort
JF The Journal of Rheumatology
JO J Rheumatol
FD The Journal of Rheumatology
SP jrheum.200872
DO 10.3899/jrheum.200872
A1 Elisabeth Mogard
A1 Tor Olofsson
A1 Stefan Bergman
A1 Ann Bremander
A1 Lars-Erik Kristensen
A1 Jack  Kvistgaard Olsen
A1 Johan K.  Wallman
A1 Elisabet Lindqvist
YR 2020
UL http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2021/04/27/jrheum.200872.abstract
AB Objective To study differences in pain reports between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA), and to assess how pain sensitivity measures associate with disease and health outcomes. Methods Consecutive patients with axial SpA (axSpA) were enrolled in the population-based SPARTAKUS cohort (2015–2017) and classified as AS (n = 120) or nr-axSpA (n = 55). Pain was assessed with questionnaires (intensity/duration/distribution) and computerized cuff pressure algometry to measure pain sensitivity (pain threshold/pain tolerance/temporal summation of pain). Linear regression models were used to compare pain measures between patients with AS and nr-axSpA, and to assess associations between pain sensitivity measures and disease and health outcomes. Results Of 175 patients with axSpA, 43% reported chronic widespread pain, with no significant differences in any questionnaire-derived or algometry-assessed pain measures between patients with AS and nr-axSpA. Lower pain tolerance was associated with longer symptom duration, worse Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), more pain regions, unacceptable pain, worse Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score (MASES), fatigue, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Further, lower pain threshold was associated with worse ASDAS-CRP and MASES, whereas higher temporal summation was associated with longer symptom duration, unacceptable pain, and worse BASMI. Conclusion Chronic pain is common in axSpA, with no observed differences in any pain measures between patients with AS and nr-axSpA. Further, higher pain sensitivity is associated with having worse disease and health outcomes. The results indicate that patients with AS and nr-axSpA, in line with most clinical characteristics, have a similar pain burden, and they highlight large unmet needs regarding individualized pain management, regardless of axSpA subgroup.