TY - JOUR T1 - Systemic Treatment for Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis JF - The Journal of Rheumatology JO - J Rheumatol SP - 793 LP - 795 DO - 10.3899/jrheum.191169 VL - 47 IS - 6 AU - PETER STOUSTRUP AU - MARINKA TWILT AU - TROELS HERLIN Y1 - 2020/06/01 UR - http://www.jrheum.org/content/47/6/793.abstract N2 - Within the last decade, intensified research has highlighted the orofacial consequences of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It has been documented that about 40% of subjects with JIA develop involvement of the TMJ1,2. Smaller studies have reported even higher frequencies of TMJ involvement3. TMJ arthritis may occur in otherwise quiescent JIA, and in rare cases the TMJ is the first and even the only joint involved2,4. It may lead to symptoms and dysfunction from both the joint and the muscles, with a significant effect on the quality of life1,2,5,6,7. In addition to facial signs and symptoms, the development of dentofacial deformity is a primary concern to patients with JIA7. The TMJ is considered a “vulnerable” joint to inflammation because of a superficially positioned intraarticular mandibular growth site of crucial importance for normal mandibular growth and development8. In skeletally immature patients, TMJ inflammation can affect the intraarticular growth site and disturb dentofacial growth and development7. The degree of dentofacial deformity depends on the timing of TMJ arthritis in relation to the general growth trajectory.Research from the last decade has advanced our understanding of TMJ arthritis from JIA. The research progress indicates that TMJ involvement is a common finding in JIA1,2,7. Arthritis-induced orofacial signs and symptoms may persist into adulthood in subjects with JIA and TMJ involvement9. Facial signs and symptoms correlate poorly with the severity of TMJ inflammation; contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is therefore considered the gold standard for diagnosis of active TMJ inflammation10,11,12. Still, a standardized clinical examination is … Address correspondence to Dr. P. Stoustrup, Section of Orthodontics, IOOS, Vennelyst Blvd. 9-11, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail: pstoustrup{at}odont.au.dk ER -