PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lene Terslev
AU  - Esperanza Naredo
AU  - Helen I. Keen
AU  - George A.W. Bruyn
AU  - Annamaria Iagnocco
AU  - Richard J. Wakefield
AU  - Philip G. Conaghan
AU  - Lara J. Maxwell
AU  - Dorcas E. Beaton
AU  - Maarten Boers
AU  - Maria-Antonietta D’Agostino
TI  - The OMERACT Stepwise Approach to Select and Develop Imaging Outcome Measurement Instruments: The Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Example
AID  - 10.3899/jrheum.181158
DP  - 2019 Oct 01
TA  - The Journal of Rheumatology
PG  - 1394--1400
VI  - 46
IP  - 10
4099  - http://www.jrheum.org/content/46/10/1394.short
4100  - http://www.jrheum.org/content/46/10/1394.full
SO  - J Rheumatol2019 Oct 01; 46
AB  - Objective. To describe the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) stepwise approach to select and develop an imaging instrument with musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) as an example.Methods. The OMERACT US Working Group (WG) developed a 4-step process to select instruments based on imaging. Step 1 applies the OMERACT Framework Instrument Selection Algorithm (OFISA) to existing US outcome measurement instruments for a specific indication. This step requires a literature review focused on the truth, discrimination, and feasibility aspects of the instrument for the target pathology. When the evidence is completely unsatisfactory, Step 2 is a consensus process to define the US characteristics of the target pathology including one or more so-called “elementary lesions”. Step 3 applies the agreed definitions to the image, evaluates their reliability, develops a severity grading of the lesion(s) at a given anatomical site, and evaluates the effect of the acquisition technique on feasibility and lesion(s) detection. Step 4 applies and assesses the definition(s) and scoring system(s) in cross-sectional studies and multicenter trials. The imaging instrument is now ready to pass a final OFISA check.Results. With this process in place, the US WG now has 18 subgroups developing US instruments in 10 different diseases. Half of them have passed Step 3, and the groups for enthesitis (spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis), synovitis, and tenosynovitis (rheumatoid arthritis) have finished Step 4.Conclusion. The US WG approach to select and develop outcome measurement instruments based on imaging has been repeatedly and successfully applied in US, but is generic for imaging and fits with OMERACT Filter 2.1.