@article {H{\"A}USER2806, author = {WINFRIED H{\"A}USER and GABRIELE SCHMUTZER and ELMAR BR{\"A}HLER and HEIDE GLAESMER}, title = {A Cluster Within the Continuum of Biopsychosocial Distress Can Be Labeled {\textquotedblleft}Fibromyalgia Syndrome{\textquotedblright} {\textemdash} Evidence from a Representative German Population Survey}, volume = {36}, number = {12}, pages = {2806--2812}, year = {2009}, doi = {10.3899/jrheum.090579}, publisher = {The Journal of Rheumatology}, abstract = {Objective. We tested the hypothesis that {\textquotedblleft}fibromyalgia syndrome{\textquotedblright} is a biopsychosocial continuum disorder.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the German general population with persons >= 14 years of age was conducted based on face-to-face contacts. Physical distress was measured by the regional pain scale (RPS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15), psychological distress by the PHQ-9, and social distress by the Oslo Social Support Scale. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured by the 12-item form of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey. A k-means clustering procedure with 2{\textendash}8 clusters preset was used to classify the scores of the RPS, PHQ-9, and PHQ-15. The number of clusters retained was based on the stability and interpretability of the clusters. The cluster analysis was first performed with a randomly selected half of the sample and then cross-validated on the second half of the total sample.Results. A 4-cluster solution produced the most stable and meaningful results. Cluster 1 was very low on all symptom scores. Cluster 2 was low on pain sites, somatic symptoms, and depression. Cluster 3 was high on pain scores, moderate on somatic symptoms, and low on depression. Cluster 4 was high on all symptom scores. The centroids of cluster 4 met the survey criteria of fibromyalgia syndrome. Cluster 4 reported a lower HRQOL and less social support compared to the other 3 groups.Conclusion. A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled fibromyalgia syndrome.}, issn = {0315-162X}, URL = {https://www.jrheum.org/content/36/12/2806}, eprint = {https://www.jrheum.org/content/36/12/2806.full.pdf}, journal = {The Journal of Rheumatology} }