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2.94501 Tw 53.446 714 Td
(with our findings, PMR manifestations were also more)Tj
0.64999 Tw 0.032 -12 Td
(common in women with GCAfrom Israel)Tj
/TT0 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 222.227 705.25 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 225.352 702 Tm
(.)Tj
0 Tw -160 -12 Td
[(Reinhold-Keller)51 (,)]TJ
/TT1 10 Tf
69.48 0 Td
(et al)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
19.914 0 Td
(suggested that regional differences)Tj
1.15601 Tw -101.382 -12 Td
(in the medical care structure were a contributing factor to)Tj
0.5 Tw 0.022 -12 Td
(the differences in the prevalence of GCAbetween rural and)Tj
0 Tw 0.004 -12 Td
(urban areas in Germany)Tj
/TT0 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 149.489 657.25 Tm
(7)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 152.614 654 Tm
[(.)-250 (This factor seems to be negligible)]TJ
0.439 Tw -99.248 -12 Td
(in Lugo, as patients with clinical manifestations of GCA)Tj
0 Tw 231.805 0 Td
(or)Tj
0.79201 Tw -231.92 -12 Td
(PMR from both rural and urban areas are sent to the same)Tj
0 Tw 0.029 -12 Td
(hospital.)Tj
0.87801 Tw 12.165 -12 Td
(The higher inflammatory response and the longer delay)Tj
2.44501 Tw -11.983 -12 Td
(to diagnosis in our younger age group of patients from)Tj
-0.263 Tw 0.022 -12 Td
[(Northwest Spain indicate a need for higher physician aware)2.7 (-)]TJ
1.325 Tw -0.221 -12 Td
(ness of this vasculitis among individuals younger than 70)Tj
0 Tw 0.02 -12 Td
(years.)Tj
-0.162 Tw 12.099 -12 Td
[(Our findings confirm some clinical and laboratory differ)2.6 (-)]TJ
0.584 Tw -12.04 -12 Td
[(ences in GCA)-249.8 (according to patients\325)-248.5 (sex and age at disease)]TJ
0 Tw 0.143 -12 Td
(onset. )Tj
/TT2 10 Tf
-0.142 -24 Td
(REFERENCES)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
6.986 -10 Td
(1.)Tj
0.2 Tw 13 0 Td
(Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C. Epidemiology of the )Tj
0 Tw 0.646 -10 Td
(vasculitides. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001;27:729-49.)Tj
-13.503 -10 Td
(2.)Tj
0.144 Tw 13 0 Td
(Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O\325Fallon WM, Hunder GG. The incidence)Tj
0.117 Tw 0.355 -10 Td
(of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent )Tj
0 Tw 0.117 -10 Td
(fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:192-4.)Tj
-13.646 -10 Td
(3.)Tj
0.144 Tw 13 0 Td
(Huston KA, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Kennedy RH, Elveback LR.)Tj
0.652 -10 Td
(T)Tj
0.2 Tw 4.137 0 Td
(emporal arteritis: a 25-year epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic)Tj
0 Tw -4.123 -10 Td
[(study)93.75 (.)-218.75 (Ann Intern Med 1978;88:162-7.)]TJ
-13.662 -10 Td
[(4.)-875 (Gonzalez-Gay MA, Alonso MD, Ag\237ero JJ, Bal M, )]TJ
13.631 -10 Td
[(Fernandez-Camblor B, Sanchez-Andrade A. )-4.875 (T)62.625 (emporal arteritis in a)]TJ
0.2 Tw -0.096 -10 Td
(Northwestern area of Spain: study of 57 biopsy proven patients. )Tj
0 Tw 0.152 -10 Td
(J Rheumatol 1992;19:277-80.)Tj
250.478 337.25 Td
[(5.)-875 (Narvaez J, Nolla-Sole JM, )-68.375 (V)93.625 (alverde-Garcia J, Roig-Escofet D. Sex)]TJ
0.2 Tw 13.393 -10 Td
(differences in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. )Tj
0 Tw 0.099 -10 Td
(J Rheumatol 2002;29:321-5.)Tj
-13.522 -10 Td
[(6.)-875 (Nir-Paz R, Gross A, Chajek-Shaul )-31.125 (T)]TJ
0.2 Tw 129.594 0 Td
(. Sex differences in giant cell)Tj
0 Tw -116.203 -10 Td
(arteritis. J Rheumatol 2002;29:1219-23.)Tj
-13.388 -10 Td
(7.)Tj
0.117 Tw 13 0 Td
(Reinhold-Keller E, Zeidler A, Gutfleisch J, Peter HH, Raspe HH,)Tj
0.177 Tw 0.331 -10 Td
(Gross WL. Giant cell arteritis is more prevalent in urban than in)Tj
0.2 Tw 0.028 -10 Td
(rural populations: results of an epidemiological study of primary)Tj
0 Tw -0.029 -10 Td
(systemic vasculitides in Germany. Rheumatology 2000;)Tj
0.082 -10 Td
(39:1396-402.)Tj
-13.363 -10 Td
(8.)Tj
0.2 Tw 13 0 Td
(Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C. Systemic vasculitis in adults)Tj
0.263 -10 Td
(in Northwestern Spain, 1988-1997: Clinical and epidemiologic)Tj
0 Tw 0.22 -10 Td
(aspects. Medicine Baltimore 1999;78:292-308.)Tj
-13.486 -10 Td
(9.)Tj
0.2 Tw 13 0 Td
[(Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Rivas MJ, Rodriguez-Ledo P)126.125 (,)]TJ
0.455 -10 Td
(Llorca J. Epidemiology of biopsy proven giant cell arteritis in)Tj
0.14999 Tw 0.031 -10 Td
(northwestern Spain: trend over an 18 year period. Ann Rheum Dis)Tj
0 Tw -0.133 -10 Td
(2001;60:367-71.)Tj
-17.391 -10 Td
[(10.)-875 (Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, )-68.125 (V)124.875 (azquez-Caruncho M,)]TJ
17.34 -10 Td
(Dababneh A, Hajeer A, Ollier WER. The spectrum of polymyalgia)Tj
0.2 Tw 0.202 -10 Td
(rheumatica in Northwestern Spain: Incidence and analysis of )Tj
0 Tw -0.076 -10 Td
(variables associated with relapse in a ten year-study. J Rheumatol)Tj
-0.044 -10 Td
(1999;26:1326-32.)Tj
-17.141 -10 Td
[(1)31.25 (1.)]TJ
0.10899 Tw 16.75 0 Td
(Duhaut P, Pinede L, Bornet H, et al. Biopsy proven and biopsy)Tj
0.16901 Tw 0.481 -10 Td
(negative temporal arteritis: differences in clinical spectrum at the)Tj
0 Tw -0.044 -10 Td
(onset of the disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1999;58:335-41.)Tj
-17.565 -10 Td
(12.)Tj
0.2 Tw 17 0 Td
[(Machado EB, Michet CJ, Ballard DJ, et al. )33 (T)]TJ
0 Tw [0.125 (rends in incidence and)]TJ
0.2 Tw 0.419 -10 Td
[(clinical presentation of temporal arteritis in Olmsted County)66.625 (,)]TJ
0 Tw 0.213 -10 Td
(Minnesota, 1950-1985. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:745-9.)Tj
-17.684 -10 Td
(13.)Tj
0.2 Tw 17 0 Td
(Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Llorca J, Gonzalez-Louzao C,)Tj
0 Tw 0.56 -10 Td
(Rodriguez-Ledo P. Biopsy-negative giant cell arteritis: clinical)Tj
0.2 Tw 0.001 -10 Td
[(spectrum and predictive factors for positive temporal artery biopsy)66.125 (.)]TJ
0 Tw 0.057 -10 Td
(Semin Arthritis Rheum 2001;30:249-56.)Tj
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53.25 54.25 504 1 re
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/TT1 8 Tf
53.793 36.75 Td
[(Gonzalez-Gay, et al: Expression of GCA)-311.875 (in Spain)]TJ
487.598 -0.25 Td
(1551)Tj
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1 g
108.25 48.75 397 11.25 re
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/TT0 10 Tf
53.446 111 Td
(explained, at least in part, by the inclusion of patients with a)Tj
0.16701 Tc 0.014 -12 Td
[(negative )-523.89 (temporal )]TJ
0.179 Tc 87.914 0 Td
(artery )Tj
0 Tc 32.315 0 Td
[(biopsy. )-575 (However, )-625 (in )-549.8 (both)]TJ
0.151 Tw -120.374 -12 Td
[(Rochester and Lugo the frequency of visual ischemic mani)2.9 (-)]TJ
1.07401 Tw 0.019 -12 Td
[(festations was similar in both sexes. )26.6 (V)49.8 (isual manifestations)]TJ
1.336 Tw 264.061 36 Td
(but no jaw claudication were more common in men from)Tj
0 Tw 0.015 -12 Td
(Jerusalem)Tj
/TT0 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 357.397 102.25 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 360.522 99 Tm
(.)Tj
0.146 Tw 5 0 Td
(The importance of this finding might be limited)Tj
0.49699 Tw -48.185 -12 Td
(by the small number of men with biopsy-proven GCA)Tj
0 Tw 223.11 0 Td
(\(n =)Tj
1.459 Tw -223.033 -12 Td
(17\) assessed in this Israeli series. However, in agreement)Tj
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/TT1 8 Tf
0.2 Tw 423.601 36.75 Td
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BT
0 g
/TT1 8 Tf
125.986 713.75 Td
[(T)124.875 (able 2. )]TJ
/TT0 8 Tf
0.45799 Tw 30.054 0 Td
(Comparison of clinical and laboratory features of biopsy-proven GCAaccor\
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0 Tw -30.176 -10 Td
(\(rural or urban\).)Tj
-0.041 -20 Td
[(V)124.875 (ariable)]TJ
158.289 0 Td
[(Rural, n = 132 \(62.9%\)*)-1599.625 (Urban, n = 78 \(37.1%\)*)-1318.75 (p)]TJ
-158.127 -20 Td
(Men, n)Tj
183.114 0 Td
(71 \(53.8\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(26 \(33.3\))-3337.5 (0.004)]TJ
0.513 Tw -273.222 -10 Td
(Age at diagnosis, yrs\261 SD)Tj
0 Tw 181.519 0 Td
(74.0 \261 6.7)Tj
90.041 0 Td
[(75.6 \261 7.3)-3378.625 (0.06)]TJ
-271.709 -10 Td
(Delay to diagnosis, weeks**)Tj
181.889 0 Td
(9.9 \261 11.7)Tj
88.041 0 Td
[(1)62.5 (1.1 \261 10.9)-3191.125 (0.23)]TJ
-269.709 -10 Td
(Headache)Tj
181.031 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (14 \(86.4\))]TJ
92.028 0 Td
[(69 \(88.5\))-3587.5 (0.66)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Scalp tenderness)Tj
183.239 0 Td
(42 \(31.8\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(30 \(38.5\))-3587.5 (0.33)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Constitutional syndrome)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 204.946 616.25 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 309.196 613.75 Tm
(89 \(67.4\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(46 \(59.0\))-3556.25 (0.22)]TJ
-273.472 -10 Td
(Abnormal temporal arteries on examination)Tj
183.253 0 Td
(98 \(74.3\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(60 \(76.9\))-3587.5 (0.66)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Jaw claudication)Tj
183.235 0 Td
(53 \(40.2\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(33 \(42.3\))-3587.5 (0.76)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Dysphagia)Tj
187.215 0 Td
(9 \(6.8\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(2 \(2.6\))-4087.5 (0.16)]TJ
-277.222 -10 Td
(Polymyalgia rheumatica)Tj
183.177 0 Td
(58 \(43.9\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(29 \(37.2\))-3587.5 (0.34)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Fever \(temperature )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
63.478 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 38\373C\))]TJ
121.705 0 Td
(13 \(9.9\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(8 \(10.3\))-3837.5 (0.92)]TJ
-275.222 -10 Td
[(V)62.375 (isual manifestations)]TJ
183.243 0 Td
(27 \(20.5\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(22 \(28.2\))-3587.5 (0.20)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Permanent visual loss)Tj
183.17 0 Td
(17 \(12.9\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(10 \(12.8\))-3587.5 (0.99)]TJ
-273.222 -10 Td
(Cerebrovascular accidents)Tj
187.13 0 Td
(2 \(1.5\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(2 \(2.6\))-4087.5 (0.59)]TJ
-277.222 -10 Td
(Limb claudication of recent onset)Tj
187.316 0 Td
(3 \(2.3\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(3 \(3.9\))-4087.5 (0.40)]TJ
-277.222 -10 Td
(ESR, mean \261 SD, mm/h)Tj
179.331 0 Td
(92.3 \261 22.6)Tj
90.041 0 Td
[(94.2 \261 22.3)-2409.875 (0.80***)]TJ
-269.459 -10 Td
(Hemoglobin, mean \261 SD, g/dl)Tj
181.683 0 Td
[(1)62.5 (1.9 \261 1.7)]TJ
90.041 0 Td
[(1)62.5 (1.6 \261 1.5)-3128.625 (0.56)]TJ
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 468.606 506.25 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0.2 Tw 1 0 0 1 125.856 493.75 Tm
(Platelet count, mean \261 SD, mm)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 226.759 496.25 Tm
(3)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0 Tw 1 0 0 1 293.259 493.75 Tm
[(408,000 \261 120,000)-3566.125 (410,000 \261 144, 000)-1528.625 (0.45)]TJ
-167.468 -10 Td
(Raised ALP)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 164.377 486.25 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 309.127 483.75 Tm
(36 \(27.3\))Tj
90.028 0 Td
[(20 \(26.0\))-3587.5 (0.84)]TJ
0.55701 Tw -273.222 -20 Td
(* Number in parentheses indicates the total proportion of patients with \
a particular variable. ** From onset of)Tj
0 Tw 0.035 -10 Td
(symptoms until time of diagnosis. )Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 236.698 456.25 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 240.948 453.75 Tm
(Asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
116.062 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 4 kg.)]TJ
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 382.837 456.25 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 387.587 453.75 Tm
(If values at diagnosis were > 2)Tj
0.162 Tw -261.81 -10 Td
(times above the upper normal range. *** Adjusted by age, sex, and hemogl\
obin. )Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 387.147 446.25 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 394.147 443.75 Tm
(Adjusted by age and sex.)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
-267.497 -27 Td
[(T)93.625 (able 3. )]TJ
/TT0 8 Tf
0.41701 Tw 30.264 0 Td
(Comparison of clinical and laboratory features and site of residence in \
biopsy-proven GCAaccording)Tj
0 Tw -30.296 -10 Td
(to age of disease onset.)Tj
0.027 -20 Td
[(V)124.875 (ariable)]TJ
153.789 0 Td
[(Onset < 70 )-43.75 (Y)93.625 (ears, )-3368.625 (Onset )]TJ
/TT2 8 Tf
107.246 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 70 )-43.75 (Y)93.625 (ears, )-3212.375 (p)]TJ
-102.403 -10 Td
[(n = 42 \(20%\)*)-4918.75 (n = 168 \(80%\)*)]TJ
-158.542 -20 Td
(Men, n)Tj
167.364 0 Td
(20 \(47.6\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
[(77 \(45.8\))-4743.75 (0.84)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Patients living in urban areas)Tj
167.417 0 Td
(13 \(31.0\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
[(65 \(38.7\))-4743.75 (0.35)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Delay to diagnosis, weeks**)Tj
163.889 0 Td
(12.4 \261 12.4)Tj
90.041 0 Td
[(9.9 \261)-197.375 (1)31.25 (1.2)-4593.75 (0.10)]TJ
-253.909 -10 Td
(Headache)Tj
167.531 0 Td
(37 \(88.1\))Tj
85.778 0 Td
[(146 \(86.9\))-4493.75 (0.84)]TJ
-253.222 -10 Td
(Scalp tenderness)Tj
167.739 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1 \(26.2\))]TJ
87.278 0 Td
[(61 \(36.3\))-4743.75 (0.22)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Constitutional syndrome)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 205.62 309.25 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 294.12 306.75 Tm
(32 \(76.2\))Tj
85.778 0 Td
[(103 \(61.3\))-4493.75 (0.07)]TJ
-253.222 -10 Td
[(Abnormal temporal arteries on examination)-3440.875 (28 \(66.7\))]TJ
253.281 0 Td
[(130 \(77.4\))-4493.75 (0.15)]TJ
-253.222 -10 Td
(Jaw claudication)Tj
167.485 0 Td
(12 \(28.6\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
[(74 \(44.1\))-4712.5 (0.07)]TJ
-255.472 -10 Td
(Dysphagia)Tj
171.715 0 Td
(0 \(0.0\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1 \(6.6\))]TJ
65.278 0 Td
(0.08)Tj
-322.5 -10 Td
(Polymyalgia rheumatica)Tj
167.677 0 Td
(22 \(52.4\))Tj
87.528 0 Td
[(65 \(38.7\))-4775 (0.1)31.25 (1)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Fever \(temperature )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
63.478 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 38\373C\))]TJ
106.455 0 Td
(5 \(11.9\))Tj
87.528 0 Td
[(16 \(9.5\))-4962.5 (0.65)]TJ
-257.472 -10 Td
[(V)62.375 (isual manifestations)]TJ
169.493 0 Td
(9 \(21.4\))Tj
85.778 0 Td
[(40 \(23.8\))-4743.75 (0.74)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Permanent visual loss)Tj
169.92 0 Td
(5 \(11.9\))Tj
85.278 0 Td
[(22 \(13.1\))-4743.75 (0.84)]TJ
-255.222 -10 Td
(Cerebrovascular accidents)Tj
171.63 0 Td
(2 \(4.8\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
(2 \(1.2\))Tj
63.278 0 Td
(0.13)Tj
-322.5 -10 Td
(Limb claudication of recent onset)Tj
171.316 0 Td
(3 \(7.1\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
(3 \(1.8\))Tj
63.278 0 Td
(0.10)Tj
-322.5 -10 Td
(ESR, mean \261 SD, mm/h)Tj
164.081 0 Td
(99.7 \261 22.0)Tj
87.541 0 Td
[(91.3 \261 22.3)-3534.875 (0.22***)]TJ
-251.709 -10 Td
(Hemoglobin, mean \261 SD, g/dl)Tj
166.183 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1.3 \261 1.6)]TJ
87.791 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1.9 \261 1.6)-3972.375 (0.017)]TJ
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 462.53 199.25 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0.2 Tw 1 0 0 1 126.53 186.75 Tm
(Platelet count, mean \261 SD, mm)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 227.682 189.25 Tm
(3)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0 Tw 1 0 0 1 278.682 186.75 Tm
[(437,000 \261 152,000)-3378.625 (402,000 \261 131,000)-2784.875 (0.07)]TJ
-152.168 -10 Td
(Raised ALP)Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 165.1 179.25 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 294.1 176.75 Tm
(20 \(47.6\))Tj
87.778 0 Td
[(36 \(21.6\))-4493.75 (0.001)]TJ
0.48599 Tw -255.222 -20 Td
(* Number in parentheses indicates the total proportion of patients with \
a particular variable. ** From onset of)Tj
0.298 Tw 0.085 -10 Td
(symptoms until time of diagnosis. )Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 238.649 149.25 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 243.149 146.75 Tm
(Asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
117.239 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0 Tw [0.125 ( 4 kg.)]TJ
/TT0 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 387.172 149.25 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
0.298 Tw 1 0 0 1 392.172 146.75 Tm
(If values at diagnosis were >)Tj
0.162 Tw -265.445 -10 Td
(2 times above the upper normal range. *** Adjusted by sex and hemoglobin\
. )Tj
/TT0 5 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 376.995 139.25 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 383.995 136.75 Tm
(Adjusted by sex.)Tj
ET
125.75 401 360 0.5 re
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125.75 369 358 0.5 re
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125.75 170 359 0.5 re
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125.75 697 362 0.5 re
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125.75 678 359 0.5 re
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124.75 478 361 0.5 re
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BT
/TT0 8 Tf
1.183 Tw 53.461 715.25 Td
(Statistical analysis.)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
66.406 0 Td
(Comparisons were made using Student t or the chi-)Tj
0 Tw -66.566 -10 Td
[(square test. When required, Fisher)-82.75 (\325)62.5 (s exact test was used. Statistical signifi)-77 (-)]TJ
0.2 Tw 0.074 -10 Td
(cance was defined as p )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
76.297 0 Td
(\243)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 0.05. Rates were adjusted by age and sex.)]TJ
/TT3 10 Tf
0 Tw -76.266 -24 Td
(RESULTS)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
0.52901 Tw 0.076 -12 Td
(Between 1981 and 2001, 210 patients were diagnosed with)Tj
0 Tw 0.015 -12 Td
(biopsy-proven GCA.)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
1.774 Tw -0.118 -14.25 Td
(Differences between men and women.)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1.899 Tw 162.943 0 Td
(In urban areas the)Tj
0.77499 Tw -162.951 -12 Td
[(incidence of GCA)-274.4 (was significantly higher in women \(rate)]TJ
3.067 Tw 0.051 -12 Td
[(ratio 1.58, 95% CI 1.00\3202.53, p = 0.05\). )25.8 (W)100.2 (omen also)]TJ
1.584 Tw -0.012 -12 Td
(presented PMR manifestations more commonly than men)Tj
0.436 Tw 0.02 -12 Td
[(did \(Table 1\). Hemoglobin was lower in women. However)51.5 (,)]TJ
0.629 Tw -0.127 -12 Td
[(the importance of this result is uncertain, as women gener)-21.6 (-)]TJ
-0.164 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
(ally have lower hemoglobin values than men. No significant)Tj
1.194 Tw 0.015 -12 Td
(differences in the frequency of visual manifestations were)Tj
0 Tw -0.04 -12 Td
(observed between the sexes.)Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
-0.226 Tw 0.041 -14.5 Td
(Differences in GCAaccording to place of residence.)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
0 Tw 208.339 0 Td
(Biopsy-)Tj
-208.33 -12 Td
(proven GCA)Tj
0.282 Tw 53.914 0 Td
(was slightly more common in people living in)Tj
0.601 Tw -53.88 -12 Td
(rural than in urban areas \(annual adjusted incidence rate of)Tj
0.48801 Tw 0.022 -12 Td
[(GCAin rural areas 10.4/100,000 people 50 years and older)26.3 (,)]TJ
1.571 Tw -0.019 -12 Td
(vs 9.1/100,000 in urban areas; p = 0.34\). GCA)Tj
0 Tw 201.685 0 Td
(incidence)Tj
0.733 Tw -201.689 -12 Td
(was higher among men in rural areas \(rate ratio 1.73, 95%)Tj
0.653 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
(CI 1.10\3202.70, p = 0.02\). Other differences are summarized)Tj
0 Tw -0.045 -12 Td
[(in )0.2 (T)75.2 (able 2.)]TJ
/TT0 10 Tf
0.041 -14.5 Td
(Differences according to age of onset. )Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
155.509 0 Td
[(W)75.2 (e assessed whether)]TJ
-155.447 -12 Td
(the age of onset might influence the clinical spectrum of the)Tj
0.015 -12 Td
[(disease. )58.6 (W)50.2 (e compared the clinical manifestations of patients)]TJ
1.08501 Tw -0.004 -12 Td
(younger than 70 years at time of diagnosis \(n = 42; 20%\))Tj
0.681 Tw 263.772 326 Td
(with those observed in patients with disease onset at age )Tj
/TT2 10 Tf
234.534 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1.291 Tw -234.512 -12 Td
(70 years \(Table 3\). In the younger age group there was a)Tj
-0.21899 Tw -0.027 -12 Td
[(nonsignificant longer delay to diagnosis. Clinical manifesta)-21.3 (-)]TJ
1.76801 Tw 0.019 -12 Td
(tions of PMR were marginally increased in patients with)Tj
2.976 Tw 0.205 -12 Td
(disease onset before the age of 70 years. More severe)Tj
0.897 Tw -0.221 -12 Td
(inflammatory response, manifested by higher frequency of)Tj
1.616 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
(constitutional syndrome, higher erythrocyte sedimentation)Tj
2.27499 Tw 0.017 -12 Td
(rate, platelet count and alkaline phosphatase values, and)Tj
0.392 Tw 0.01 -12 Td
(lower hemoglobin levels, was observed in this younger age)Tj
0 Tw 0.022 -12 Td
(group.)Tj
/TT3 10 Tf
0.08 -26.5 Td
(DISCUSSION)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1.87399 Tw -0.117 -12 Td
(Investigators from Catalonia, in Northeast Spain, did not)Tj
0.293 Tw 0.024 -12 Td
(observe significant clinical differences in GCAaccording to)Tj
0 Tw 0.003 -12 Td
(sex)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 330.65 546.75 Tm
(5)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
0.418 Tw 1 0 0 1 333.775 543.5 Tm
(. In Lugo the age at the onset of symptoms was similar)Tj
2.02299 Tw -16.305 -12 Td
(in both sexes. In contrast, French investigators found an)Tj
0 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
[(older )-349.7 (age )-399.7 (at )-374.7 (diagnosis )-374.8 (in )-374.8 (women )-374.8 (compared )-374.4 (to )-374.8 (men)]TJ
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 548.552 522.75 Tm
(11)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 554.802 519.5 Tm
(.)Tj
1.15199 Tw -237.5 -12 Td
(Unexpected differences in the frequency of GCA)Tj
0 Tw 206.745 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.13901 Tw -206.685 -12 Td
(men and women according to place of residence were)Tj
0 Tw 0.017 -12 Td
(observed in Lugo.)Tj
-0.168 Tw 11.985 -12 Td
(In Rochester, Minnesota, headache was more common in)Tj
0 Tw -12.083 -12 Td
(women)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 346.97 462.75 Tm
(12)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 353.47 459.5 Tm
(.)Tj
1.565 Tw 6.5 0 Td
(This was not observed in our larger series. )Tj
0 Tw 184.419 0 Td
(We)Tj
0.136 Tc -227.123 -12 Td
(previously )Tj
0 Tc 49.967 0 Td
[(reported )-474.5 (a )-424.8 (slightly )]TJ
0.125 Tc 89.008 0 Td
[(increased )-374.4 (frequency )]TJ
0 Tc 92.73 0 Td
(of)Tj
-231.67 -12 Td
[(headache and more remarkable reduction of ischemic mani)-61.7 (-)]TJ
0.536 Tw 0.017 -12 Td
(festations, in particular in jaw claudication, in our series of)Tj
0.188 Tc 0 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
(biopsy-negative )Tj
0 Tc 75.122 0 Td
(GCA)Tj
0.16701 Tc 29.113 0 Td
(compared )Tj
0 Tc 48.924 0 Td
(with )Tj
0.192 Tc 26.528 0 Td
(biopsy-proven)Tj
0 Tc -179.731 -12 Td
(cases)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 338.401 402.75 Tm
(13)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 344.901 399.5 Tm
(.)Tj
0.759 Tw 5.75 0 Td
(Thus, it is possible that the increased frequency of)Tj
3.60699 Tw -33.152 -12 Td
(headache in the report by Machado, )Tj
/TT0 10 Tf
167.416 0 Td
(et al)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 505.767 390.75 Tm
(12)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
3.60699 Tw 1 0 0 1 518.267 387.5 Tm
(might be)Tj
ET
1 g
419.25 750.75 137 10.25 re
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BT
0 g
/TT0 8 Tf
126.898 357 Td
(T)Tj
0.741 Tw 3.699 0 Td
(able 1. )Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
28.005 0 Td
(Comparison of clinical and laboratory features and site of residence bet\
ween men and women with)Tj
0 Tw -31.791 -10 Td
(biopsy-proven GCA.)Tj
0.055 -20 Td
[(V)93.625 (ariable)]TJ
177.789 0 Td
[(Men, n = 97 )-4693.75 (W)62.625 (omen, n = 113 )-3255.875 (p)]TJ
4.862 -10 Td
(\(46.2%\)*)Tj
85.492 0 Td
(\(53.8%\)*)Tj
0.638 Tw -268.258 -20 Td
(Age at diagnosis, yrs\261 SD)Tj
0 Tw 181.269 0 Td
(74.5 \261 6.6)Tj
85.541 0 Td
[(74.7 \261 7.3)-4222.375 (0.42)]TJ
0.2 Tw -266.709 -10 Td
(Patients living in urban areas, n)Tj
0 Tw 183.117 0 Td
(26 \(26.8\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(52 \(46.0\))-4118.75 (0.004)]TJ
-268.722 -10 Td
(Delay to diagnosis, weeks**)Tj
181.389 0 Td
(9.7 \261 12.6)Tj
83.791 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1.0 \261 10.4)-3972.375 (0.20)]TJ
-264.959 -10 Td
(Headache)Tj
182.781 0 Td
(87 \(89.7\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(96 \(85.0\))-4400 (0.31)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Scalp tenderness)Tj
182.989 0 Td
(33 \(34.0\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(39 \(34.5\))-4400 (0.94)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Constitutional syndrome)Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 206.216 249.5 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 309.966 247 Tm
(65 \(67.0\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(70 \(62.0\))-4368.75 (0.45)]TJ
-268.722 -10 Td
(Abnormal temporal arteries on examination)Tj
183.003 0 Td
(82 \(72.6\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(76 \(78.4\))-4400 (0.33)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Jaw claudication)Tj
182.985 0 Td
(35 \(36.1\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(51 \(45.1\))-4400 (0.18)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Dysphagia)Tj
186.965 0 Td
(3 \(3.1\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(8 \(7.1\))-4900 (0.16)]TJ
-272.472 -10 Td
(Polymyalgia rheumatica)Tj
182.927 0 Td
(32 \(33.0\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(55 \(48.7\))-4150 (0.021)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Fever \(temperature )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
63.478 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
[0.125 ( 38\373 C\))]TJ
123.405 0 Td
(8 \(8.3\))Tj
81.778 0 Td
[(13 \(11.5\))-4368.75 (0.44)]TJ
-268.722 -10 Td
[(V)62.375 (isual manifestations)]TJ
182.993 0 Td
(25 \(25.8\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(24 \(21.2\))-4400 (0.44)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Permanent visual loss)Tj
182.92 0 Td
(13 \(13.4\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(14 \(12.4\))-4400 (0.83)]TJ
-268.472 -10 Td
(Cerebrovascular accidents)Tj
187.13 0 Td
(3 \(3.1\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(1 \(0.9\))-4868.75 (0.25)]TJ
-272.722 -10 Td
(Limb claudication of recent onset)Tj
187.066 0 Td
(4 \(4.1\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(2 \(1.8\))-4900 (0.27)]TJ
-272.472 -10 Td
(ESR, mean \261 SD, mm/h)Tj
179.331 0 Td
(91.0 \261 22.1)Tj
85.291 0 Td
[(94.6 \261 22.7)-3222.375 (0.50***)]TJ
-264.709 -10 Td
(Hemoglobin, mean \261 SD, g/dl)Tj
181.433 0 Td
(12.2 \261 1.8)Tj
85.541 0 Td
[(1)31.25 (1.4 \261 1.4)-3409.875 (0.0002)]TJ
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 475.326 139.5 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
0.2 Tw 1 0 0 1 126.826 127 Tm
(Platelet count, mean \261 SD, mm)Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 228.228 129.5 Tm
(3)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
0 Tw 1 0 0 1 294.228 127 Tm
[(407,000 \261 143,000)-3097.375 (412,000 \261 126,000)-2472.375 (0.39)]TJ
-167.418 -10 Td
(Raised ALP)Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 165.646 119.5 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 309.896 117 Tm
(25 \(25.8\))Tj
85.528 0 Td
[(31 \(27.7\))-4400 (0.76)]TJ
0.46201 Tw -268.472 -20 Td
(* Number in parentheses indicates the total proportion of patients with \
a particular variable. ** From onset of)Tj
0.278 Tw -0.076 -10 Td
(symptoms until time of diagnosis. )Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 238.934 89.5 Tm
(#)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 243.434 87 Tm
(Asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss )Tj
/TT2 8 Tf
117.139 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
0 Tw [0.125 ( 4 kg.)]TJ
/TT1 5 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 387.298 89.5 Tm
(\240)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
0.278 Tw 1 0 0 1 392.048 87 Tm
(If values at diagnosis were >)Tj
0.181 Tw -265.294 -10 Td
(2 times above the upper normal range. *** Adjusted by age and hemoglobin\
. )Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 377.709 79.5 Tm
(\240\240)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 384.709 77 Tm
(Adjusted by age.)Tj
ET
125.25 339.5 360 0.5 re
f
126 308 358.5 0.5 re
f
126 110 360 0.5 re
f
q
30 31 552 730 re
W n
1 g
407.25 745.75 150 25 re
f
407.25 745.75 150 15.25 re
f
0 g
53.25 54.25 504 1 re
f
BT
/TT0 8 Tf
0.408 Tw 53.848 36.75 Td
(Gonzalez-Gay, et al: Expression of GCAin Spain)Tj
0 Tw 487.599 -0.25 Td
(1549)Tj
ET
1 g
108.25 48.75 397 11.25 re
f
108.75 49.25 396 10.25 re
f
q
0 g
397 0 0 11.25 108.25 48.75 cm
/Im0 Do
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0 0 612 792 re
W n
BT
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 8 Tf
117.48 51 Td
(Personal, non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyrig\
ht \251 2003. All rights reserved.)Tj
ET
Q
BT
/T1_1 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 540 17 Tm
( )Tj
0 0.48627 0.77255 rg
-7.22298 0 Td
(www.jrheum.org)Tj
0 g
-16.72996 0 Td
(Downloaded on March 28, 2024 from )Tj
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1 g
419.25 750.75 137 10.25 re
f
0 g
53.25 54.25 504 1 re
f
BT
/TT0 8 Tf
0.2 Tw 423.625 36.75 Td
(The Journal of Rheumatology 2003; 30:7)Tj
0 Tw -370.352 -0.25 Td
(1548)Tj
ET
1 g
108.25 48.75 397 11.25 re
f
108.75 49.25 396 10.25 re
f
q
0 g
397 0 0 11.25 108.25 48.75 cm
/Im0 Do
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30 31 552 730 re
W n
407.25 745.75 150 25 re
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407.25 745.75 150 15.25 re
f
BT
0 g
/TT0 8 Tf
0.138 Tw 53.26 179.75 Td
(From the Division of Rheumatology and Otolaryngology, Hospital Xeral-)Tj
0.175 Tw 0.1 -9 Td
(Calde, Lugo; and the Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,)Tj
0 Tw -0.055 -9 Td
(School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.)Tj
-0.041 -11.5 Td
[(M.A. Gonzalez-Gay, MD, PhD; C. Garcia-Por)-31.5 (r)-0.125 (ua, MD, PhD,)]TJ
0.122 -9 Td
(Rheumatology Division; J.C. Amor-Dorado, MD, Otolaryngology)Tj
0.16901 Tw 0.055 -9 Td
(Division, Hospital Xeral-Calde; J. Llorca, MD, PhD, Division of)Tj
0.172 Tw 0.053 -9 Td
(Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of\
)Tj
0 Tw -0.028 -9 Td
(Cantabria.)Tj
-0.105 -11.25 Td
(Address reprint requests to Dr. M.A. Gonz\207lez-Gay, Division of)Tj
0.03 -9 Td
(Rheumatology, Hospital Xeral-Calde, c/ Dr. Ochoa s/n, 27004 Lugo,)Tj
-0.056 -9 Td
(Spain.)Tj
0.16901 Tw -0.027 -11.5 Td
(Submitted July 23, 2002; revision accepted December 1, 2002.)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
0 Tw 0.155 256 Td
(Giant cell arteritis \(GCA\) \(temporal arteritis\) constitutes the)Tj
-0.215 Tw -0.211 -12 Td
[(most frequent vasculitic syndrome in )1.7 (W)]TJ
0 Tw 158.416 0 Td
(estern countries)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 274.486 320.75 Tm
(1,2)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 282.298 317.5 Tm
(. It)Tj
0.175 Tw -228.856 -12 Td
[(involves large and middle-size blood vessels, with a predis)2.5 (-)]TJ
0.16701 Tc 0 Tw -0.045 -12 Td
(position )Tj
0 Tc 39.977 0 Td
[(to )-399.8 (the )]TJ
0.188 Tc 33.245 0 Td
(involvement )Tj
0 Tc 58.49 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.15601 Tc 14.83 0 Td
(cranial )Tj
0.188 Tc 34.702 0 Td
(arteries)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
0 Tc -1.448 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 265.565 296.75 Tm
(1 , 2)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
0 Tw 1 0 0 1 274.107 293.5 Tm
[(. )-400 (Its)]TJ
0.84599 Tw -220.75 -12 Td
(frequency increases with aging and peaks in patients older)Tj
2.13699 Tw 0.022 -12 Td
(than 70 years)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 110.969 272.75 Tm
(3)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 114.094 269.5 Tm
[(. Patients with GCA)-424.8 (often present clinical)]TJ
0.80701 Tw -60.654 -12 Td
(manifestations of polymyalgia rheumatica \(PMR\). As with)Tj
1.22501 Tw -0.171 -12 Td
[(series of patients with isolated PMR, nearly all epidemio)-21.69 (-)]TJ
1.14999 Tw 0.027 -12 Td
[(logical studies on GCA)-324.3 (have shown a higher incidence of)]TJ
0 Tw 0.169 -12 Td
[(GCA)-250.3 (in women)]TJ
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 117.503 224.75 Tm
(1)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 120.878 221.5 Tm
(.)Tj
0.707 Tw 5 0 Td
(An exception to this was observed in the)Tj
0 Tw -72.582 -12 Td
(Lugo )Tj
0.179 Tc 28.858 0 Td
(region )Tj
0 Tc 33.797 0 Td
(of )Tj
0.2 Tc 15.58 0 Td
(Northwest )Tj
0 Tc 50.66 0 Td
[(Spain )-549.8 (during )-549.8 (the )-499.7 (period)]TJ
135.15 119 Td
(1981\32090)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 352.342 332 Tm
(4)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
-0.373 Tw 1 0 0 1 355.717 328.5 Tm
[(. Former studies had disclosed more severe inflam)2 (-)]TJ
2.138 Tw -38.221 -12 Td
(matory response in women with PMR)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 479.869 320 Tm
(5)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1.888 Tw 1 0 0 1 483.244 316.5 Tm
(. Recently, Israeli)Tj
0.97501 Tw -165.947 -12 Td
(investigators assessed clinical differences according to sex)Tj
0 Tw -0.04 -12 Td
(in patients with temporal arteritis)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 449.653 296 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 452.778 292.5 Tm
(. In Germany an increased)Tj
-135.369 -12 Td
(prevalence of GCA)Tj
0.25 Tw 80.494 0 Td
(was observed in urban areas)Tj
/TT1 6.25 Tf
1.04 0 0 1.04 511.638 284 Tm
(7)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
1 0 0 1 514.763 280.5 Tm
(.)Tj
-185.5 -12 Td
(T)Tj
3.117 Tw 5.608 0 Td
(o further investigate the epidemiology of GCA)Tj
0 Tw 210.631 0 Td
(we)Tj
2.786 Tw -228.09 -12 Td
(examined whether differences in clinical and laboratory)Tj
1.953 Tw -0.052 -12 Td
[(features exist in biopsy-proven GCA)-399.4 (in Northwest Spain)]TJ
0.541 Tw 0.13 -12 Td
(according to sex, place of residence, and age at the time of)Tj
0 Tw -0.235 -12 Td
(disease onset.)Tj
/TT2 10 Tf
0.235 -24 Td
(MATERIALS AND METHODS)Tj
/TT0 8 Tf
-0.15 -10 Td
(Population characteristics.)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
89.126 0 Td
[(This was a retrospective study of patients diag)11.875 (-)]TJ
1.28 Tw -88.981 -10 Td
[(nosed with GCA)-343.875 (in the Department of Medicine of the Hospital Xeral-)]TJ
0 Tw -0.064 -10.25 Td
(Calde, Lugo, Spain, from January 1981 to December 2001. This is the only\
)Tj
0.81799 Tw -0.09 -10 Td
(referral center for a mixed urban and rural population of almost 250,000\
)Tj
-0.181 Tw 0.024 -10.25 Td
(people. The main characteristics of this population have been reported)Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 540.283 148.75 Tm
(8,9)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 546.783 146 Tm
(. In)Tj
0.528 Tw -229.517 -10 Td
(1996, almost 48% lived in urban areas, most of them in the city of Lugo.\
)Tj
1.01401 Tw 0.015 -10 Td
(The population in rural areas is older than in urban areas. However, the\
)Tj
0 Tw 0.092 -10.25 Td
(distribution of the population 50 years and older is similar \(p = 0.25\)\
. Also,)Tj
0.2 Tw -0.035 -10 Td
(the population structure is very similar for men and women.)Tj
12.003 -10 Td
(A)Tj
1.51401 Tw 8.777 0 Td
(temporal artery biopsy procedure was performed as described)Tj
/TT1 5 Tf
0 Tw 1.04 0 0 1.04 546.446 98.25 Tm
(4,10)Tj
/TT1 8 Tf
1 0 0 1 555.446 95.75 Tm
(.)Tj
0.895 Tw -238 -10 Td
(Clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis of the patients wi\
th)Tj
0.95 Tw 0.016 -10 Td
(biopsy-proven GCAwere assessed.)Tj
ET
53.25 195.25 240 0.75 re
f
BT
/TT3 21 Tf
0.43201 Tw 0.97 0 0 1 53.366 705.25 Tm
(Influence of Age, Sex, and Place of Residence on)Tj
0.31799 Tw 0.087 -24 Td
(Clinical Expression of Giant Cell Arteritis in )Tj
0 Tw 0.024 -24 Td
(Northwest Spain)Tj
/TT1 10 Tf
2.25 Tw 1 0 0 1 53.334 634.25 Tm
[(MIGUELA. GONZALEZ-GA)124.3 (Y)]TJ
0 Tw 129.169 0 Td
(, CARLOS GARCIA-PORRUA, JUAN C. AMOR-DORADO, and JAVIER LLORCA)Tj
/TT4 9 Tf
-111.094 -20.5 Td
[(ABSTRACT)83.55556 (.)-722.22222 (Objective.)]TJ
/TT1 9 Tf
94.494 0 Td
(T)Tj
1.661 Tw 4.748 0 Td
(o investigate the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis \(GCA\), we exami\
ned whether)Tj
2.08501 Tw -45.321 -11 Td
(differences in clinical and laboratory features exist in patients with b\
iopsy-proven GCA)Tj
0 Tw 342.594 0 Td
(from)Tj
0.22501 Tw -342.505 -11 Td
(Northwest Spain according to sex, place of residence, and age at disease\
onset. )Tj
/TT4 9 Tf
0 Tw 0.075 -11 Td
(Methods.)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
36.505 0 Td
(Retrospective study of biopsy-proven GCAdiagnosed from January 1, 1981, \
to December)Tj
-0.14999 Tw -36.528 -11 Td
[(31, 2001, at the single hospital for a well defined population of 250,00\
0. )58.78889 (A)]TJ
0 Tw 268.249 0 Td
(comparative analysis was)Tj
0.621 Tw -268.331 -11 Td
(conducted of clinical and laboratory features according to sex, place of\
residence \(rural or urban\),)Tj
0.22501 Tw 0.038 -11 Td
(and age at the onset of symptoms \(< 70 yrs; )Tj
/TT5 9 Tf
161.798 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
0 Tw [0.22222 ( 70 yrs\).)]TJ
/TT4 9 Tf
-161.889 -11 Td
(Results.)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
0.54201 Tw 32.009 0 Td
(Between 1981 and 2001, 210 patients from the Lugo region were diagnosed \
with biopsy-)Tj
0.48399 Tw -32.02 -11 Td
(proven GCA. In urban areas GCAwas significantly more common in women \(r\
ate ratio 1.58, 95%)Tj
0.38901 Tw -0.055 -11 Td
[(CI 1.00\3202.53, p = 0.05\). )28 (W)55.66667 (omen presented manifestations of polymyalgia rheumatica \(PMR\) more)]TJ
-0.353 Tw 0.161 -11 Td
[(commonly than men. However, no statistically significant difference in t\
he frequency of visual mani)5.44444 (-)]TJ
1.894 Tw 0.051 -11 Td
[(festations or permanent visual loss were observed between the sexes. GCA\
)-386.77778 (was slightly more)]TJ
0.493 Tw -0.104 -11 Td
(common in rural than in urban areas \(annual adjusted incidence rate in \
rural areas 10.4/100,000 in)Tj
0 Tw 0.026 -11 Td
(people age )Tj
/TT5 9 Tf
40.488 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
-0.15199 Tw [0.22222 ( 50 years vs 9.1/100,000 in urban areas; p = 0.34\). GCAwas more common\
among men)]TJ
0.711 Tw -40.472 -11 Td
(in rural areas \(rate ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.10\3202.70, p = 0.02\). Patie\
nts younger than 70 years at the)Tj
0.72501 Tw 0.033 -11 Td
(time of diagnosis \(20%\) had a trend to a longer delay to diagnosis and\
a marginal increase in the)Tj
0.452 Tw -0.061 -11 Td
(frequency of PMR compared with those with disease onset at age )Tj
/TT5 9 Tf
242.66 0 Td
(\263)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
[0.22222 ( 70 years. )83.44444 (A)]TJ
0 Tw 53.986 0 Td
[(higher inflamma)-76.77778 (-)]TJ
0.22501 Tw -296.57 -11 Td
(tory response was observed in the patients younger than 70 years.)Tj
/TT4 9 Tf
0 Tw -0.061 -11 Td
(Conclusion.)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
0.961 Tw 48.017 0 Td
[(In patients with biopsy-proven GCA)-277.22222 (from Northwest Spain PMR manifestations are)]TJ
1.13699 Tw -48.14 -11 Td
(more commonly observed in women. The higher inflammatory response and th\
e longer delay to)Tj
0 Tw 0.185 -11 Td
[(diagnosis in younger patients call for a higher physician awareness of t\
his vasculitis among individ)-36.33333 (-)]TJ
0.22501 Tw -0.213 -11 Td
(uals younger than 70 years. \(J Rheumatol 2003;30:1548\32051\))Tj
/TT0 9 Tf
0 Tw 0.04 -22 Td
(Key Indexing Terms:)Tj
/TT1 9 Tf
0.242 Tw 0.181 -11 Td
(GIANTCELL\(TEMPORAL\) ARTERITIS SEX AGE OF ONSET)Tj
0 Tw 265.901 0 Td
(PLACE OF RESIDENCE)Tj
ET
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BT
0 0 0 rg
/T1_0 8 Tf
117.48 51 Td
(Personal, non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyrig\
ht \251 2003. All rights reserved.)Tj
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