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- Published online October 1, 2025.
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© 2025 The Journal of Rheumatology
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- Tamar B. Rubinstein,
- Zahi Touma,
- Irene Blanco and
- Andrea M. Knight
- T.B. Rubinstein, MD, MS, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Bronx; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Bronx; Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Bronx, New York, USA.
- Z. Touma, MD, PhD, University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- I. Blanco, MD, MS, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago; Department of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- A.M. Knight, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto; Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- FUNDING: TBR's research is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number K23AR080803. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. ZT is supported by the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and the Murray B. Urowitz Chair in Lupus Research. AMK is supported by a Canada Research Chair Tier 2 Award in Mental Health and Chronic Disease of Childhood from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and an Empowering Lupus Research Career Development Award from the Lupus Research Alliance.
COMPETING INTERESTS: IB receives research support from Cabaletta and Novartis, and consulting fees from Fate Therapeutics and Zenas. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
- Address correspondence to Dr. A. Knight, Patient Support Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, 72 Elm St, Toronto, ON M5G 1H3, Canada. Email: andrea.knight{at}sickkids.ca.
