Necrotizing and Nonnecrotizing Granulomatous Reactions in Patients With Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Literature Review

E.Y. Wang, MD, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
G. Braverman, MD, MS, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
N. Ghosh, MD, MS, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
D.P. Jannat-Khah, DrPH, MSPH, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
K.K. Chan, MD, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
J.M. Michot, MD, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
B. Jivanelli, MLIS, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
A.R. Bass, MD, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.

CONTRIBUTIONS: EYW: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing (original draft preparation). GB: conceptualization, data curation, writing (review and editing). NG, KKC: conceptualization, data curation, writing (review and editing). DPJK: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing (review and editing). JMM: data curation, editing. BJ: data curation, writing (review and editing). ARB: conceptualization, data curation, methodology, writing (review and editing).
FUNDING: This study was not supported by grant funding.
COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
ETHICS AND PATIENT CONSENT: This study was reviewed and granted institutional review board (IRB) exemption by the IRB at the Hospital for Special Surgery.
Accepted for publication June 27, 2025.

Address correspondence to Dr. E.Y. Wang, 525 E 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA. Email: elw9066{at}med.cornell.edu.

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