Research ArticleAccepted Article
The burden of gout and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019
Fatemeh Amiri, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Alireza Khabbazi, Mark J.M. Sullman, Jay S. Kaufman, Gary S. Collins and Saeid Safiri
The Journal of Rheumatology September 2022, jrheum.220425; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.220425
Fatemeh Amiri
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Maryam Noori
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Alireza Khabbazi
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Mark J.M. Sullman
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Jay S. Kaufman
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Gary S. Collins
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Saeid Safiri
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Saeid Safiri and Dr. Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail: safiris@tbzmed.ac.ir/saeidsafiri@gmail.com; a.kolahi@sbmu.ac.ir. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who were not involved in any way in the preparation of this manuscript, funded the GBD study. The Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 68766) and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 28705) also supported the present report.
Abstract
Objective This study reported the burden of gout and its attributable risk factors, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI).
Methods Data on the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs), due to gout, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 for the 21 countries in the MENA region, from 1990 to 2019.
Results In 2019, the regional age-standardised point prevalence and annual incidence rates of gout were 509.1 and 97.7 per 100,000, which represent a 12.0% and an 11.1% increase since 1990, respectively. Moreover, in 2019 the regional age-standardised YLD rate was 15.8 per 100,000, an 11.7% increase since 1990. In 2019, Qatar and Afghanistan had the highest and lowest age-standardised YLD rates, respectively. Regionally, the age-standardised point prevalence of gout increased with age up to the oldest age group and it was more prevalent among males in all age groups. In addition, there was an overall positive association between SDI and the burden of gout between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, high body mass index (BMI) [46.1%] made the largest contributions to the burden of gout in the MENA region.
Conclusion There were large inter-country variations in the burden of gout, but in general it has increased in MENA over the last three decades. This increase is in line with the global trends of gout. However, the age-standardised YLD rate change was higher in MENA than at the global level.
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In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 50, Issue 1
1 Jan 2023
Accepted manuscript
The burden of gout and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019
Fatemeh Amiri, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Alireza Khabbazi, Mark J.M. Sullman, Jay S. Kaufman, Gary S. Collins, Saeid Safiri
The Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2022, jrheum.220425; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220425
Accepted manuscript
The burden of gout and its attributable risk factors in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019
Fatemeh Amiri, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Maryam Noori, Alireza Khabbazi, Mark J.M. Sullman, Jay S. Kaufman, Gary S. Collins, Saeid Safiri
The Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2022, jrheum.220425; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220425
