Demographic, Lifestyle, and Serologic Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)–associated Bronchiectasis: Role of RA-related Autoantibodies

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.

GM is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant number T32 AR055855). JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers R01 AR077607, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577) and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. TJD is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant nos. K23 HL119558 and R03 HL148484). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or in the preparation of this manuscript. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard University, its affiliated academic healthcare centers, or the NIH. G. McDermott, MD, N. Shadick, MD, MPH, P.F. Dellaripa, MD, J.A. Sparks, MD, MMSc, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; R. Gill, MD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; S. Gagne, MD, S. Byrne, MD, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; W. Huang, MSPH, X. Wang, MS, L.C. Prisco, BA, A. Zaccardelli, MS, L.W. Martin, BS, L. Masto, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; V.L. Kronzer, MD, MSCI, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; T.J. Doyle, MD, MPH, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. JAS has received research support from BMS and has performed consultancy for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Gilead, Inova Diagnostics, Janssen, Optum, and Pfizer unrelated to this work. NS reports research support from Mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen, and Lilly, and has performed consultancy for BMS unrelated to this work. TJD reports grant funding and other support from MBS and Genentech, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and L.E.K. Consulting unrelated to this study. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. Address correspondence to Dr. J.A. Sparks, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu. Accepted for publication March 8, 2022.