Research ArticleArticle
Open Access
Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions Treated With Systemic Therapies: A Population-based Study
Jeffrey R. Curtis, Xiaofeng Zhou, David T. Rubin, Walter Reinisch, Jinoos Yazdany, Philip C. Robinson, Yan Chen, Birgitta Benda, Ann Madsen and Jamie Geier
The Journal of Rheumatology November 2021, jrheum.210888; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.210888
Jeffrey R. Curtis
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Xiaofeng Zhou
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
David T. Rubin
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Walter Reinisch
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Jinoos Yazdany
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Philip C. Robinson
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Yan Chen
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Birgitta Benda
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Ann Madsen
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Jamie Geier
This study was sponsored by Pfizer Inc. J.R. Curtis, MD, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; X. Zhou, PhD, Y. Chen, MD, B. Benda, MD, PhD, A. Madsen, PhD, J. Geier, PhD, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA; D.T. Rubin, MD, University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; W. Reinisch, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; J. Yazdany, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; P.C. Robinson, MBChB, PhD, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia. JRC has received grant support from, and has been a consultant for, Pfizer Inc. DTR has received grant support from Takeda; and has received consulting fees from AbbVie, AbGenomics, Allergan Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Check-Cap, Dizal Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GSK, Ichnos Sciences S.A., Janssen, Narrow River Management, Pfizer Inc, Prometheus Laboratories, Reistone, Shire, Takeda, and Techlab Inc. WR has received grant support from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Centocor, Dr. Falk Pharma, Immundiagnostik, and MSD; has received lecture fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Aptalis, Celltrion, Centocor, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, and Yakult; and has received consulting fees from Abbott, AbbVie, AESCA, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics, Bioclinica, Biogen Idec, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Cellerix, Celltrion, Centocor, ChemoCentryx, Covance, Danone, Dr. Falk Pharma, Elan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millennium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Nestlé, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacosmos, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus Laboratories, Robarts Clinical Trials, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, SetPoint Medical, Takeda, Therakos, TiGenix, UCB, Vifor, Zyngenia, and 4SC. JY has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; and has received a research grant from AstraZeneca. PCR has received personal fees from AbbVie, Atom Biosciences, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche, and UCB; and has received grant support from Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, and UCB. XZ, YC, BB, and AM are employees and shareholders of Pfizer Inc. JG was formerly employed by Pfizer Inc. JRC, XZ, BB, AM, and JG contributed to the conception and design of the study. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, critically revised each draft of the manuscript for intellectual content, read and gave approval of the final version submitted for publication and accept accountability for the accuracy and integrity of the work. Address correspondence to Dr. X. Zhou, Pfizer Inc, 235 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA. Email: xiaofeng.zhou@pfizer.com. Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Abstract
Objective To describe characteristics and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving systemic therapies vs the general population.
Methods This descriptive retrospective cohort study used data from the United States Optum deidentified COVID-19 electronic health record dataset (2007–2020). Adults with COVID-19 were stratified into 3 disease cohorts (patients with RA, PsA, or UC who had received systemic therapy) and a comparator cohort not meeting these criteria. Incidence proportions of hospitalization and clinical manifestations of interest were calculated. Using logistic regression analyses, risk of endpoints was estimated, adjusting for demographics and demographics plus comorbidities.
Results This analysis (February 1 to December 9, 2020) included 315,101 patients with COVID-19. Adjusting for demographics, COVID-19 patients with RA (n = 2306) had an increased risk of hospitalization (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.39–1.70) and in-hospital death (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–2.00) compared with the comparator cohort (n = 311,563). The increased risk was also observed when adjusted for demographics plus comorbidities (hospitalization OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.39 and in-hospital death OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.68]). The risk of hospitalization was lower in COVID-19 patients with RA receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) vs non-TNFi biologics (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.53) and the comparator cohort (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.51–1.17). The risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 was similar between patients receiving tofacitinib and the comparator cohort.
Conclusion Compared with the comparator cohort, patients with RA were at a higher risk of more severe or critical COVID-19 and, except for non-TNFi biologics, systemic therapies did not further increase the risk. (ENCePP; registration no. EU PAS 35384)
In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 50, Issue 3
1 Mar 2023
Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions Treated With Systemic Therapies: A Population-based Study
Jeffrey R. Curtis, Xiaofeng Zhou, David T. Rubin, Walter Reinisch, Jinoos Yazdany, Philip C. Robinson, Yan Chen, Birgitta Benda, Ann Madsen, Jamie Geier
The Journal of Rheumatology Nov 2021, jrheum.210888; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210888
Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Conditions Treated With Systemic Therapies: A Population-based Study
Jeffrey R. Curtis, Xiaofeng Zhou, David T. Rubin, Walter Reinisch, Jinoos Yazdany, Philip C. Robinson, Yan Chen, Birgitta Benda, Ann Madsen, Jamie Geier
The Journal of Rheumatology Nov 2021, jrheum.210888; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.210888
