Predicting Response to Tocilizumab Monotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Real-World Data Analysis Using Machine Learning

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA; NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY; Corrona, Waltham MA. This work was supported by a research grant from Roche/Genentech to Brigham and Women’s Hospital. DHS receives salary support from research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbvie, Amgen, Corrona, Janssen, Pfizer, and Roche/Genentech. He also serves on the editorial board of Arthritis & Rheumatology and on the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee. FDJ receives salary support from research grants to Chalmers University of Technology from AstraZeneca. SCK received research grants to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb for unrelated studies. JEC is a consultant to Boston Imaging Core Labs and serves as Associate Editor for Statistics at Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Address correspondence to Fredrik D Johansson, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. E-mail: fredrik.johansson@chalmers.se.