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Research ArticleArticle

Entheseal Changes in Response to Age, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity: An Ultrasound Study in Healthy People

Sibel Bakirci, Dilek Solmaz, Wilson Stephenson, Lihi Eder, Johannes Roth and Sibel Zehra Aydin
The Journal of Rheumatology February 2020, jrheum.190540; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190540
Sibel Bakirci
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Dilek Solmaz
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Wilson Stephenson
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Lihi Eder
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Johannes Roth
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Sibel Zehra Aydin
From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and the Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. D. Solmaz had funding from the Union Chimique Belge for an axial spondyloarthritis fellowship. S. Bakirci had funding from the Turkish Society for Rheumatology. S. Bakirci, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; D. Solmaz, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa; W. Stephenson, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Ottawa; L. Eder, MD, PhD, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; J. Roth, MD, University of Ottawa, Chief, Division of Pediatric Dermatology and Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario; S.Z. Aydin, MD, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Ottawa, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Dr. Bakirci and Dr. Solmaz contributed equally to this study. Address correspondence to Dr. S.Z. Aydin, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7W9, Canada. E-mail: saydin@toh.ca. Accepted for publication January 20, 2020.
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Abstract

Objective We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ultrasonographic (US) lesions in healthy entheses and contributing factors.

Methods US scans were performed on 960 entheses of 80 healthy subjects. Factors contributing to entheseal changes were investigated with regression analysis.

Results Thickening (20.4% of the entheses) and enthesophytes (23.1%) were the most common inflammatory and structural damage lesions, respectively. Age (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.003), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and high physical activity (p = 0.007) were independent predictors of enthesitis scores on US.

Conclusion The effects of age, sex, BMI, and physical activity on the entheses need to be considered when differentiating disease from health.

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1 Mar 2021
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Entheseal Changes in Response to Age, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity: An Ultrasound Study in Healthy People
Sibel Bakirci, Dilek Solmaz, Wilson Stephenson, Lihi Eder, Johannes Roth, Sibel Zehra Aydin
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2020, jrheum.190540; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190540

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Entheseal Changes in Response to Age, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity: An Ultrasound Study in Healthy People
Sibel Bakirci, Dilek Solmaz, Wilson Stephenson, Lihi Eder, Johannes Roth, Sibel Zehra Aydin
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2020, jrheum.190540; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190540
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