Research ArticleAccepted Article
Feasibility and face validity of outcome measures for use in future studies of Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR): An OMERACT Study
Max Yates, Claire E Owen, Sara Muller, Karly Graham, Lorna Neill, Helen Twohig, Maarten Boers, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Susan Goodman, Jonathan Cheah, Christian Dejaco, Chetan Mukhtyar, Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen, Joanna Robson, Lee S Simon, Beverley Shea, Sarah L Mackie and Catherine L Hill on behalf of the OMERACT PMR Working Group
The Journal of Rheumatology February 2020, jrheum.190575; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190575
Max Yates
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Claire E Owen
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Sara Muller
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Karly Graham
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Lorna Neill
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Helen Twohig
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Maarten Boers
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Susan Goodman
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Jonathan Cheah
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Christian Dejaco
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Chetan Mukhtyar
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Joanna Robson
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Lee S Simon
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Beverley Shea
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Sarah L Mackie
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Catherine L Hill
From Epidemiology Centre Versus Arthritis, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; SDG LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth and Royal Adelaide Hospitals, Adelaide, Australia. Address correspondence to Max Yates, Department of Rheumatology, East Suffolk and North Essex Foundation Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom, Email: maxyates{at}doctors.org.uk
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to survey participants with PMR to evaluate the face validity, acceptability and domain match of proposed candidate outcome measures.
Methods A structured, online, anonymous survey was disseminated by patient support groups via their networks and online forums. The candidate outcome measures comprised: 1. visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating score (NRS) to assess pain; 2. VAS, NRS and duration to assess stiffness; 3. the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) to assess physical function; 4. C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to assess inflammation. Free text answers were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis to explore respondents' views of the candidate instruments.
Results Seventy-eight people with PMR from six countries (UK, France, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) participated in the survey. Most respondents agreed candidate instruments were acceptable or “good to go”. Free text analysis identified five themes which participants felt were inadequately covered by the proposed instruments. These related to: (i) the variability, context and location of pain, (ii) the variability of stiffness, (iii) fatigue, (iv) disability, and (v) the correlation of inflammatory marker levels and severity of symptoms, sometimes reflecting disease activity and other times not.
Conclusion Participants reported additional aspects of their experience which are not covered by the proposed instruments particularly for the experience of stiffness and impact of fatigue. New patient-reported outcome measures are required to increase the relevance of results from clinical trials to patients with PMR.
In this issue
The Journal of Rheumatology
Vol. 52, Issue 12
1 Dec 2025
Accepted manuscript
Feasibility and face validity of outcome measures for use in future studies of Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR): An OMERACT Study
Max Yates, Claire E Owen, Sara Muller, Karly Graham, Lorna Neill, Helen Twohig, Maarten Boers, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Susan Goodman, Jonathan Cheah, Christian Dejaco, Chetan Mukhtyar, Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen, Joanna Robson, Lee S Simon, Beverley Shea, Sarah L Mackie, Catherine L Hill
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2020, jrheum.190575; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190575
Accepted manuscript
Feasibility and face validity of outcome measures for use in future studies of Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR): An OMERACT Study
Max Yates, Claire E Owen, Sara Muller, Karly Graham, Lorna Neill, Helen Twohig, Maarten Boers, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Susan Goodman, Jonathan Cheah, Christian Dejaco, Chetan Mukhtyar, Berit Dalsgaard Nielsen, Joanna Robson, Lee S Simon, Beverley Shea, Sarah L Mackie, Catherine L Hill
The Journal of Rheumatology Feb 2020, jrheum.190575; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190575
