Pain measurement in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: where to go from here? Report from a Special Interest Group at OMERACT 2018

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).

From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Pain Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany; CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen; The Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, & NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK; Versus Arthritis, Patron Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall; Dragon Claw (Web site for patients with rheumatic disease); Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Dept. Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health (APH), Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Bingo and Fundraising Promotions, Mal Atwell Leisure Group, Willetton, Western Australia, Australia; MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; SDG LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology at the Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director, Rheumatology Research Swedish- Providence-St. Joseph Health Systems; Clinical Professor, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle WA, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Alessandro Chiarotto, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences research institute, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC (VU University Medical Center), Medical Faculty, F-vleugel, de Boelelaan 1089A, 1081HV Amsterdam (the Netherlands).