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Research ArticleArticle
Open Access

Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for the Assessment and Monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Stephanie O. Keeling, Zainab Alabdurubalnabi, Antonio Avina-Zubieta, Susan Barr, Louise Bergeron, Sasha Bernatsky, Josiane Bourre-Tessier, Ann Clarke, Alexandra Baril-Dionne, Jan Dutz, Stephanie Ensworth, Aurore Fifi-Mah, Paul R. Fortin, Dafna D. Gladman, Derek Haaland, John G. Hanly, Linda T. Hiraki, Sara Hussein, Kimberly Legault, Deborah Levy, Lily Lim, Mark Matsos, Emily G. McDonald, Jorge Medina-Rosas, Jordi Pardo Pardi, Christine Peschken, Christian Pineau, Janet Pope, Tamara Rader, Jen Reynolds, Earl Silverman, Konstantinos Tselios, Manon Suitner, Murray Urowitz, Zahi Touma, Evelyne Vinet and Nancy Santesso
The Journal of Rheumatology September 2018, jrheum.171459; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.171459
Stephanie O. Keeling
From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; General Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton; Centre for Practice-changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario. These guidelines were supported by a peer-reviewed dissemination event grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, a meeting grant from the Arthritis Society of Canada, and support from the Canadian Rheumatology Association and Lupus Canada. Dr. Clarke holds The Arthritis Society Chair in Rheumatic Diseases at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary. Dr. Fortin holds a tier 1 Canada Research Chair on Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Drs. Gladman, Touma, and Urowitz were involved in the development of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the SLEDAI-2K, but do not receive payments from the use of these indices. S.O. Keeling, MD, MSc, FRCP(C), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta; Z. Alabdurubalnabi, MBBS, ABIM, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia; A. Avina-Zubieta, MD, MSc, PhD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia; S. Barr, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, University of Calgary; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, McGill University; J. Bourre-Tessier, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Clinical Professor, Université de Montréal; A. Clarke, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; A. Baril-Dionne, MD, Internal Medicine Resident, Université de Montréal; J. Dutz, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, University of British Columbia; S. Ensworth, MD FRCPC, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia; A. Fifi-Mah, MD, FRCPC, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Calgary; P.R. Fortin, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, Université Laval; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto; D. Haaland, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Assistant Clinical Professor, McMaster University; J.G. Hanly, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, Dalhousie University; L.T. Hiraki, MD, FRCPC, ScD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto; S. Hussein, MD, Internal Medicine Resident, Université de Montréal; K. Legault, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Assistant Professor, McMaster University; D. Levy, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Associate Professor, University of Toronto; L. Lim, MBBS, MRCPCH, FRCPC, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Manitoba; M. Matsos, MD, FRCPC, Associate Professor, McMaster University; E.G. McDonald, MD, FRCPC, Assistant Professor, McGill University; J. Pardo Pardi, Co-Managing Editor, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Centre for Practice-changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; C. Peschken, MD, FRCPC, Associate Professor, University of Manitoba; C. Pineau, MD, FRPCP, Associate Professor, McGill University; J. Pope, MD, FRCP(C), Professor of Medicine, Western University; T. Rader, MLIS, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; J. Reynolds, MD, FRCPC, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia; E. Silverman, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Toronto; K. Tselios, MD, PhD, Clinical Research Fellow, University of Toronto; M. Suitner, MD, Internal Medicine Resident, Université de Montréal; M. Urowitz, MD, FRCPC, Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto; Z. Touma, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto; E. Vinet, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, McGill University; N. Santesso, RD, PhD, Assistant Professor, McMaster University. Louise Bergeron and Dr. Jorge Medina-Rosas died before the manuscript was completed. Address correspondence to Dr. S.O. Keeling, 8-129 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada. E-mail: Stephanie.keeling@ualberta.ca. Full Release Article. For details see Reprints and Permissions at jrheum.org Accepted for publication July 13, 2018.
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Zainab Alabdurubalnabi
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Antonio Avina-Zubieta
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Susan Barr
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Louise Bergeron
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Sasha Bernatsky
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Josiane Bourre-Tessier
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Ann Clarke
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Alexandra Baril-Dionne
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Jan Dutz
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Stephanie Ensworth
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Aurore Fifi-Mah
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Paul R. Fortin
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Dafna D. Gladman
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Derek Haaland
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John G. Hanly
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Linda T. Hiraki
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Sara Hussein
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Kimberly Legault
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Deborah Levy
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Lily Lim
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Mark Matsos
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Emily G. McDonald
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Jorge Medina-Rosas
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Jordi Pardo Pardi
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Christine Peschken
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Christian Pineau
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Janet Pope
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Tamara Rader
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Jen Reynolds
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Earl Silverman
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Konstantinos Tselios
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Manon Suitner
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Murray Urowitz
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Zahi Touma
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Evelyne Vinet
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Nancy Santesso
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Abstract

Objective To develop recommendations for the assessment of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Canada.

Methods Recommendations were developed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. The Canadian SLE Working Group (panel of Canadian rheumatologists and a patient representative from Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance) was created. Questions for recommendation development were identified based on the results of a previous survey of SLE practice patterns of members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association. Systematic literature reviews of randomized trials and observational studies were conducted. Evidence to Decision tables were prepared and presented to the panel at 2 face-to-face meetings and online.

Results There are 15 recommendations for assessing and monitoring SLE, with varying applicability to adult and pediatric patients. Three recommendations focus on diagnosis, disease activity, and damage assessment, suggesting the use of a validated disease activity score per visit and annual damage score. Strong recommendations were made for cardiovascular risk assessment and measuring anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies in the peripartum period and conditional recommendations for osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Two conditional recommendations were made for peripartum assessments, 1 for cervical cancer screening and 2 for hepatitis B and C screening. A strong recommendation was made for annual influenza vaccination.

Conclusion These are considered the first guidelines using the GRADE method for the monitoring of SLE. Existing evidence is largely of low to moderate quality, resulting in more conditional than strong recommendations. Additional rigorous studies and special attention to pediatric SLE populations and patient preferences are needed.

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Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for the Assessment and Monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Stephanie O. Keeling, Zainab Alabdurubalnabi, Antonio Avina-Zubieta, Susan Barr, Louise Bergeron, Sasha Bernatsky, Josiane Bourre-Tessier, Ann Clarke, Alexandra Baril-Dionne, Jan Dutz, Stephanie Ensworth, Aurore Fifi-Mah, Paul R. Fortin, Dafna D. Gladman, Derek Haaland, John G. Hanly, Linda T. Hiraki, Sara Hussein, Kimberly Legault, Deborah Levy, Lily Lim, Mark Matsos, Emily G. McDonald, Jorge Medina-Rosas, Jordi Pardo Pardi, Christine Peschken, Christian Pineau, Janet Pope, Tamara Rader, Jen Reynolds, Earl Silverman, Konstantinos Tselios, Manon Suitner, Murray Urowitz, Zahi Touma, Evelyne Vinet, Nancy Santesso
The Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2018, jrheum.171459; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171459

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Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for the Assessment and Monitoring of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Stephanie O. Keeling, Zainab Alabdurubalnabi, Antonio Avina-Zubieta, Susan Barr, Louise Bergeron, Sasha Bernatsky, Josiane Bourre-Tessier, Ann Clarke, Alexandra Baril-Dionne, Jan Dutz, Stephanie Ensworth, Aurore Fifi-Mah, Paul R. Fortin, Dafna D. Gladman, Derek Haaland, John G. Hanly, Linda T. Hiraki, Sara Hussein, Kimberly Legault, Deborah Levy, Lily Lim, Mark Matsos, Emily G. McDonald, Jorge Medina-Rosas, Jordi Pardo Pardi, Christine Peschken, Christian Pineau, Janet Pope, Tamara Rader, Jen Reynolds, Earl Silverman, Konstantinos Tselios, Manon Suitner, Murray Urowitz, Zahi Touma, Evelyne Vinet, Nancy Santesso
The Journal of Rheumatology Sep 2018, jrheum.171459; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.171459
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