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- Accepted for publication July 9, 2025
- Published online October 1, 2025.
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- Latest version (August 1, 2025 - 04:00).
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Copyright © 2025 by the Journal of Rheumatology
Author Information
- Aleksander Lenert1⇑,
- Jenna Thomason2,
- Melanie H. Smith3,
- Helena Abodeely1,
- Sandy D. Hong4,
- Courtney E. Kremer4,
- Petar S. Lenert1,
- T. Shawn Sato5,
- Sandra Hansmann6,
- Melissa Oliver7,
- Yongdong (Dan) Zhao8,
- Jonathan Templin9,
- Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin10,
- Robyn Domsic11,
- Daniel H. Solomon12 and
- Polly J. Ferguson13
- 1A. Lenert, MD, MS, H. Abodeely, P.S. Lenert, MD, PhD, Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
- 2J. Thomason, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Rheumatology Clinic at Harborview, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- 3M.H. Smith, MD, PhD, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA;
- 4S.D. Hong, MD, C.E. Kremer, ARNP, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
- 5T.S. Sato, MD, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
- 6S. Hansmann, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology and autoinflammation reference center Tübingen (arcT), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
- 7M. Oliver, MD, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA;
- 8Y. Zhao, MD, PhD, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA;
- 9J. Templin, PhD, Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, College of Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
- 10M. Vaughan-Sarrazin, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA;
- 11R. Domsic, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- 12D.H. Solomon, MD, MPH, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- 13P.J. Ferguson, MD, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
- Address correspondence to Dr. A. Lenert, Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Email: aleksander-lenert{at}uiowa.edu.







