Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with vasculitis following COVID-19 infection or immunization.
No. Age Range, yrs Prior Rheumatic Disease COVID-19 Vaccine Intervala Presentation Investigation Vessel Size Diagnosis Therapy Outcome 1 60s No Yesb No 2 weeks Skin purpura, arthritis Histology Small IgAV GC Recovery 2 80s No Yesc No 6 weeks Constitutional symptoms Lung HRCT, anti-MPO+ Probably small AAV GC, CYC Deceased 3 50s SLE Yesc No 3 weeks Systemic inflammatory response CTA, PET/CT Larged LVV GC, CYC Recovery 4 60s No Yesc No 3 weeks Systemic inflammatory response CTA, PET/CT Largee LVV GC Recovery 5 80s No Yesc No Concurrent Limb gangrene, skin necroses Histology Medium and small Necrotizing vasculitis GC Deceased 6 60s No Yesc No 8 weeks Paniculitis and skin necroses Histology Small Necrotizing vasculitis GC Recovery 7 40s No Yesc No 2 weeks Skin purpura Histology Small Skin vasculitis Local GC Recovery 8 80s No No Pfizer-BioNTech 7 days Myalgia Histology Small Myositis, arteritis GC Recovery 9 40s No No AstraZeneca 8 days Skin purpura, arthritis Histology Small IC vasculitis NSAID Recovery 10 70s No No Pfizer-BioNTech 10 days Constitutional symptoms US Large GCA GC Recovery 11 60s No No AstraZeneca 9 days Skin purpura Histology Small IC vasculitis GC Recovery 12 60s No No Pfizer-BioNTech 16 days Painful left TA US Large Left TA vasculitis GC Recovery 13 20s No No Moderna 8 days Skin purpura Histology Small IC vasculitis Local GC Recovery 14 70s No No Pfizer-BioNTech 20 days Headache, yaw claudication US Large GCA GC Recovery 15 50s No Yesc Pfizer-BioNTech 2 weeksf Carotidinia (left side) US, CTA Largeg Carotid artery arteritis GC Recovery ↵a From infection/vaccination to vasculitis.
↵b Serological test.
↵c PCR test.
↵d Aorta, carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial, mesenteric, iliac arteries.
↵e Aorta, axillary, brachial iliac arteries.
↵f From infection to vasculitis.
↵g Segmental left carotid artery. anti-MPO: antimyeloperoxidase; AAV: antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; CTA: computed tomography arteriography; CYC: cyclophosphamide; GC: glucocorticoid; GCA: giant cell arteritis; HRCT: high resolution computer tomography; IC: immune complex; IgAV: IgA vasculitis; LVV: large vessel vasculitis; NSAID: nonsteroidal antirheumatic drug; PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TA: temporal artery; US: ultrasound.