Definition of Treatment Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is It Time for Reappraisal?

Ricardo J.O. Ferreira; Robert B.M. Landewé; José A.P. da Silva

doi:10.3899/jrheum.210050

REFERENCES

1.↵
1. Kremer JM,
2. Pappas DA,
3. Kane K,
4. Greenberg J,
5. Harrold L,
6. Feathers VL, et al
. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data3 (RAPID3) for achievement of treatment strategies. J Rheumatol 2021;48:1776-83.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
2.↵
1. Stoffer MA,
2. Schoels MM,
3. Smolen JS,
4. Aletaha D,
5. Breedveld FC,
6. Burmester G, et al
. Evidence for treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: results of a systematic literature search update. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:16-22.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
3.↵
1. Wailoo A,
2. Hock ES,
3. Stevenson M,
4. Martyn-St James M,
5. Rawdin A,
6. Simpson E, et al
. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treat-to-target strategies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21:1-258.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed
4.↵
1. Felson DT,
2. Smolen JS,
3. Wells G,
4. Zhang B,
5. van Tuyl LH,
6. Funovits J, et al
. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:404-13.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
5.↵
1. Smolen JS,
2. Breedveld FC,
3. Burmester GR,
4. Bykerk V,
5. Dougados M,
6. Emery P, et al
. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;75:3-15.
OpenUrl
6.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Santos E,
3. Gossec L,
4. da Silva JA
. The patient global assessment in RA precludes the majority of patients otherwise in remission to reach this status in clinical practice. Should we continue to ignore this? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020;50:583-5.
OpenUrl
7.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Welsing PM,
3. Jacobs JW,
4. Gossec L,
5. Ndosi M,
6. Machado PM, et al
. Revisiting the use of remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis by excluding patient global assessment: an individual meta-analysis of 5792 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2020 Oct 6 (E-pub ahead of print).
8.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Duarte C,
3. Ndosi M,
4. de Wit M,
5. Gossec L,
6. da Silva JA
. Suppressing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: does patient global assessment blur the target? A practice-based call for a paradigm change. Arthritis Care Res 2018;70:369-78.
OpenUrl PubMed
9.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Carvalho PD,
3. Ndosi M,
4. Duarte C,
5. Chopra A,
6. Murphy E, et al
. Impact of patient’s global assessment on achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational study using the METEOR database. Arthritis Care Res 2019;71:1317-25.
OpenUrl PubMed
10.↵
1. Ward MM,
2. Guthrie LC,
3. Dasgupta A
. Direct and indirect determinants of the patient global assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: differences by level of disease activity. Arthritis Care Res 2017;69:323-9.
OpenUrl PubMed
11.↵
1. Radner H,
2. Yoshida K,
3. Tedeschi S,
4. Studenic P,
5. Frits M,
6. Iannaccone C, et al
. Different rating of global rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with multiple morbidities. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017;69:720-7.
OpenUrl
12.↵
1. Curtis JR,
2. Shan Y,
3. Harrold L,
4. Zhang J,
5. Greenberg JD,
6. Reed GW
. Patient perspectives on achieving treat-to-target goals: a critical examination of patient-reported outcomes. Arthritis Care Res 2013;65:1707-12.
OpenUrl PubMed
13.↵
1. Boone NW,
2. Sepriano A,
3. van der Kuy PH,
4. Janknegt R,
5. Peeters R,
6. Landewé RB
. Cotreatment with methotrexate in routine care patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving biological treatment yields better outcomes over time. RMD Open 2019;5:e000836.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
14.↵
1. Boone NW,
2. Sepriano A,
3. van der Kuy PH,
4. Janknegt R,
5. Peeters R,
6. Landewé RB
. Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) alone is insufficient to monitor disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice. RMD Open 2019;5:e001050.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
15.↵
1. van der Ven M,
2. Kuijper TM,
3. Gerards AH,
4. Tchetverikov I,
5. Weel AE,
6. van Zeben J, et al
. No clear association between ultrasound remission and health status in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission. Rheumatology 2017;56:1276-81.
OpenUrl PubMed
16.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Fautrel B,
3. Saraux A,
4. Gaujoux-Viala C,
5. Rat AC,
6. Guillemin F, et al
. Patient global assessment and radiographic progression in early arthritis: 3-year results from the ESPOIR cohort. Arthritis Care Res 2020 Apr 27 (E-pub ahead of print).
17.↵
1. Ferreira RJ,
2. Ndosi M,
3. de Wit M,
4. Santos EJ,
5. Duarte C,
6. Jacobs JW, et al
. Dual target strategy: a proposal to mitigate the risk of overtreatment and enhance patient satisfaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:e109.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text
18.↵
1. Michaud K,
2. Pope J,
3. van de Laar M,
4. Curtis JR,
5. Kannowski C,
6. Mitchell S, et al
. A systematic literature review of residual symptoms and unmet need in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2020 Jul 3 (E-pub ahead of print).
19.↵
1. Pazmino S,
2. Lovik A,
3. Boonen A,
4. De Cock D,
5. Stouten V,
6. Joly J, et al
. Does including pain, fatigue, and physical function when assessing patients with early rheumatoid arthritis provide a comprehensive picture of disease burden? J Rheumatol 2021;48:174-8.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
20.↵
1. Duarte C,
2. Santos E,
3. da Silva JA,
4. Kristianslund EK,
5. Kvien TK,
6. Dougados M, et al
. The Patient Experienced Symptom State (PESS): a patient-reported global outcome measure that may better reflect disease remission status. Rheumatology 2020;59:3458-67.
OpenUrl
21.↵
1. Gossec L,
2. Paternotte S,
3. Aanerud GJ,
4. Balanescu A,
5. Boumpas DT,
6. Carmona L, et al
. Finalisation and validation of the rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease score, a patient-derived composite measure of impact of rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:935-42.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
22.↵
1. Landewé RB,
2. van der Heijde D
. Use of multidimensional composite scores in rheumatology: parsimony versus subtlety. Ann Rheum Dis 2020 Nov 3 (E-pub ahead of print).

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[1] 1.↵
Kremer JM,
Pappas DA,
Kane K,
Greenberg J,
Harrold L,
Feathers VL, et al
. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data3 (RAPID3) for achievement of treatment strategies. J Rheumatol 2021;48:1776-83.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[2] Kremer JM,

[3] Pappas DA,

[4] Kane K,

[5] Greenberg J,

[6] Harrold L,

[7] Feathers VL, et al

[8] 2.↵
Stoffer MA,
Schoels MM,
Smolen JS,
Aletaha D,
Breedveld FC,
Burmester G, et al
. Evidence for treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: results of a systematic literature search update. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:16-22.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[9] Stoffer MA,

[10] Schoels MM,

[11] Smolen JS,

[12] Aletaha D,

[13] Breedveld FC,

[14] Burmester G, et al

[15] 3.↵
Wailoo A,
Hock ES,
Stevenson M,
Martyn-St James M,
Rawdin A,
Simpson E, et al
. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treat-to-target strategies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21:1-258.
OpenUrl CrossRef PubMed

[16] Wailoo A,

[17] Hock ES,

[18] Stevenson M,

[19] Martyn-St James M,

[20] Rawdin A,

[21] Simpson E, et al

[22] 4.↵
Felson DT,
Smolen JS,
Wells G,
Zhang B,
van Tuyl LH,
Funovits J, et al
. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:404-13.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[23] Felson DT,

[24] Smolen JS,

[25] Wells G,

[26] Zhang B,

[27] van Tuyl LH,

[28] Funovits J, et al

[29] 5.↵
Smolen JS,
Breedveld FC,
Burmester GR,
Bykerk V,
Dougados M,
Emery P, et al
. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: 2014 update of the recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;75:3-15.
OpenUrl

[30] Smolen JS,

[31] Breedveld FC,

[32] Burmester GR,

[33] Bykerk V,

[34] Dougados M,

[35] Emery P, et al

[36] 6.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Santos E,
Gossec L,
da Silva JA
. The patient global assessment in RA precludes the majority of patients otherwise in remission to reach this status in clinical practice. Should we continue to ignore this? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020;50:583-5.
OpenUrl

[37] Ferreira RJ,

[38] Santos E,

[39] Gossec L,

[40] da Silva JA

[41] 7.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Welsing PM,
Jacobs JW,
Gossec L,
Ndosi M,
Machado PM, et al
. Revisiting the use of remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis by excluding patient global assessment: an individual meta-analysis of 5792 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2020 Oct 6 (E-pub ahead of print).

[42] Ferreira RJ,

[43] Welsing PM,

[44] Jacobs JW,

[45] Gossec L,

[46] Ndosi M,

[47] Machado PM, et al

[48] 8.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Duarte C,
Ndosi M,
de Wit M,
Gossec L,
da Silva JA
. Suppressing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: does patient global assessment blur the target? A practice-based call for a paradigm change. Arthritis Care Res 2018;70:369-78.
OpenUrl PubMed

[49] Ferreira RJ,

[50] Duarte C,

[51] Ndosi M,

[52] de Wit M,

[53] Gossec L,

[54] da Silva JA

[55] 9.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Carvalho PD,
Ndosi M,
Duarte C,
Chopra A,
Murphy E, et al
. Impact of patient’s global assessment on achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational study using the METEOR database. Arthritis Care Res 2019;71:1317-25.
OpenUrl PubMed

[56] Ferreira RJ,

[57] Carvalho PD,

[58] Ndosi M,

[59] Duarte C,

[60] Chopra A,

[61] Murphy E, et al

[62] 10.↵
Ward MM,
Guthrie LC,
Dasgupta A
. Direct and indirect determinants of the patient global assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: differences by level of disease activity. Arthritis Care Res 2017;69:323-9.
OpenUrl PubMed

[63] Ward MM,

[64] Guthrie LC,

[65] Dasgupta A

[66] 11.↵
Radner H,
Yoshida K,
Tedeschi S,
Studenic P,
Frits M,
Iannaccone C, et al
. Different rating of global rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with multiple morbidities. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017;69:720-7.
OpenUrl

[67] Radner H,

[68] Yoshida K,

[69] Tedeschi S,

[70] Studenic P,

[71] Frits M,

[72] Iannaccone C, et al

[73] 12.↵
Curtis JR,
Shan Y,
Harrold L,
Zhang J,
Greenberg JD,
Reed GW
. Patient perspectives on achieving treat-to-target goals: a critical examination of patient-reported outcomes. Arthritis Care Res 2013;65:1707-12.
OpenUrl PubMed

[74] Curtis JR,

[75] Shan Y,

[76] Harrold L,

[77] Zhang J,

[78] Greenberg JD,

[79] Reed GW

[80] 13.↵
Boone NW,
Sepriano A,
van der Kuy PH,
Janknegt R,
Peeters R,
Landewé RB
. Cotreatment with methotrexate in routine care patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving biological treatment yields better outcomes over time. RMD Open 2019;5:e000836.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[81] Boone NW,

[82] Sepriano A,

[83] van der Kuy PH,

[84] Janknegt R,

[85] Peeters R,

[86] Landewé RB

[87] 14.↵
Boone NW,
Sepriano A,
van der Kuy PH,
Janknegt R,
Peeters R,
Landewé RB
. Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) alone is insufficient to monitor disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice. RMD Open 2019;5:e001050.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[88] Boone NW,

[89] Sepriano A,

[90] van der Kuy PH,

[91] Janknegt R,

[92] Peeters R,

[93] Landewé RB

[94] 15.↵
van der Ven M,
Kuijper TM,
Gerards AH,
Tchetverikov I,
Weel AE,
van Zeben J, et al
. No clear association between ultrasound remission and health status in rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical remission. Rheumatology 2017;56:1276-81.
OpenUrl PubMed

[95] van der Ven M,

[96] Kuijper TM,

[97] Gerards AH,

[98] Tchetverikov I,

[99] Weel AE,

[100] van Zeben J, et al

[101] 16.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Fautrel B,
Saraux A,
Gaujoux-Viala C,
Rat AC,
Guillemin F, et al
. Patient global assessment and radiographic progression in early arthritis: 3-year results from the ESPOIR cohort. Arthritis Care Res 2020 Apr 27 (E-pub ahead of print).

[102] Ferreira RJ,

[103] Fautrel B,

[104] Saraux A,

[105] Gaujoux-Viala C,

[106] Rat AC,

[107] Guillemin F, et al

[108] 17.↵
Ferreira RJ,
Ndosi M,
de Wit M,
Santos EJ,
Duarte C,
Jacobs JW, et al
. Dual target strategy: a proposal to mitigate the risk of overtreatment and enhance patient satisfaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:e109.
OpenUrl FREE Full Text

[109] Ferreira RJ,

[110] Ndosi M,

[111] de Wit M,

[112] Santos EJ,

[113] Duarte C,

[114] Jacobs JW, et al

[115] 18.↵
Michaud K,
Pope J,
van de Laar M,
Curtis JR,
Kannowski C,
Mitchell S, et al
. A systematic literature review of residual symptoms and unmet need in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2020 Jul 3 (E-pub ahead of print).

[116] Michaud K,

[117] Pope J,

[118] van de Laar M,

[119] Curtis JR,

[120] Kannowski C,

[121] Mitchell S, et al

[122] 19.↵
Pazmino S,
Lovik A,
Boonen A,
De Cock D,
Stouten V,
Joly J, et al
. Does including pain, fatigue, and physical function when assessing patients with early rheumatoid arthritis provide a comprehensive picture of disease burden? J Rheumatol 2021;48:174-8.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[123] Pazmino S,

[124] Lovik A,

[125] Boonen A,

[126] De Cock D,

[127] Stouten V,

[128] Joly J, et al

[129] 20.↵
Duarte C,
Santos E,
da Silva JA,
Kristianslund EK,
Kvien TK,
Dougados M, et al
. The Patient Experienced Symptom State (PESS): a patient-reported global outcome measure that may better reflect disease remission status. Rheumatology 2020;59:3458-67.
OpenUrl

[130] Duarte C,

[131] Santos E,

[132] da Silva JA,

[133] Kristianslund EK,

[134] Kvien TK,

[135] Dougados M, et al

[136] 21.↵
Gossec L,
Paternotte S,
Aanerud GJ,
Balanescu A,
Boumpas DT,
Carmona L, et al
. Finalisation and validation of the rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease score, a patient-derived composite measure of impact of rheumatoid arthritis: a EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:935-42.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[137] Gossec L,

[138] Paternotte S,

[139] Aanerud GJ,

[140] Balanescu A,

[141] Boumpas DT,

[142] Carmona L, et al

[143] 22.↵
Landewé RB,
van der Heijde D
. Use of multidimensional composite scores in rheumatology: parsimony versus subtlety. Ann Rheum Dis 2020 Nov 3 (E-pub ahead of print).

[144] Landewé RB,

[145] van der Heijde D

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