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Research ArticleRheumatoid Arthritis

The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Chile: A Nationwide Study Performed as Part of the National Health Survey

Josefina Durán, Loreto Massardo, Carolina Llanos, Sergio Iacobelli, Paula I. Burgos, Marcela Cisternas, Mirentxu Iruretagoyena, Macarena Armstrong, Raquel Aguilera, Francisco Radrigán, María Eugenia Martinez, Alvaro Passi-Solar, Pablo Riedemann, Natalia Crisóstomo, Camila Cifuentes, Lucero Hagedorn, Alvaro Cisternas, Nancy Vasquez, Paula Margozzini and the ENS2017 Study Group
The Journal of Rheumatology July 2020, 47 (7) 951-958; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190396
Josefina Durán
J. Durán, MD, MS, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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  • ORCID record for Josefina Durán
  • For correspondence: jgduran{at}uc.cl pmargoz{at}med.puc.cl
Loreto Massardo
L. Massardo, MD, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián;
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Carolina Llanos
C. Llanos, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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  • ORCID record for Carolina Llanos
Sergio Iacobelli
S. Iacobelli, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Paula I. Burgos
P.I. Burgos, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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  • ORCID record for Paula I. Burgos
Marcela Cisternas
M. Cisternas, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Mirentxu Iruretagoyena
M. Iruretagoyena, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Macarena Armstrong
M. Armstrong, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Raquel Aguilera
R. Aguilera, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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  • ORCID record for Raquel Aguilera
Francisco Radrigán
F. Radrigán, MD, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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María Eugenia Martinez
M.E. Martinez, MD, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Alvaro Passi-Solar
A. Passi-Solar, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, and Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Pablo Riedemann
P. Riedemann, MD, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera;
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Natalia Crisóstomo
N. Crisóstomo, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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  • ORCID record for Natalia Crisóstomo
Camila Cifuentes
C. Cifuentes, MD, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Lucero Hagedorn
L. Hagedorn, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Alvaro Cisternas
A. Cisternas, MD, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Nancy Vasquez
N. Vasquez, RN, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile;
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Paula Margozzini
P. Margozzini, MD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London.
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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  • Screening process and RA diagnosis. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; CCP: cyclic citrullinated peptide; RF: rheumatoid factor; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism.
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    Figure 1.

    Screening process and RA diagnosis. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; CCP: cyclic citrullinated peptide; RF: rheumatoid factor; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism.

  • Flow diagram of the study population.
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    Figure 2.

    Flow diagram of the study population.

Tables

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    • View popup
    Table 1.

    Demographic characteristics of the general sample of the Chilean National Health Survey.

    Demographic Characteristics% (95% CI)N*
    Sex
      Female52.1 (49.0–55.2)1931
      Male47.9 (44.8–51.0)1057
    Age, yrs
      Mean51.8 (50.9–52.7)2988
      31–4027.2 (24.2–30.4)521
      41–5022.5 (19.9–25.3)559
      51–6024.1 (21.6–26.9)705
      61–7013.8 (12.0–15.8)607
      71+12.4 (10.7–14.3)596
    Educational level
      Low22.9 (20.3–25.6)901
      Medium55.1 (51.5–58.6)1548
      High21.7 (18.6–25.1)515
      Missing0.4 (0.2–0.8)24
    Working status
      Paid employment58.7 (55.5–61.8)1432
      Unemployed2.6 (1.6–4.0)66
      Housewife19.9 (17.7–22.4)615
      Retired15.6 (13.7–17.6)760
      Permanently disabled1.6 (1.0–2.4)51
      Student0.6 (0.3–1.3)15
      Other1.1 (0.7–1.7)41
      Missing0.1 (0.0–0.3)8
    Marital status
      Married50.1 (46.8–53.3)1336
      Single19.1 (16.6–22.0)556
      Stable couple13.3 (11.2–15.8)280
      Separated/divorced10.2 (8.6–12.1)395
      Widow7.2 (6.0–8.5)415
      Missing0.1 (0.0–0.3)6
    Geographic zone
      Urban86.9 (85.1–88.5)2460
      Rural13.1 (11.5–14.9)528
    • ↵* N corresponds to the absolute number of subjects without applying sampling weights.

    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Demographic characteristics of subjects with RA identified in the Chilean National Health Survey.

    Demographic Characteristics% or Mean (95% CI)N
    Sex
      Female89.4 (66.0–97.3)27
      Male10.6 (2.7–34.0)4
    Age, yrs
      Mean53.6 (43.3–64.0)31
      31–5450.4 (21.9–78.7)8
      55+49.6 (21.3–78.2)23
    Educational level
      Low27.4 (11.1–53.2)13
      Medium21.8 (9.0–44.0)14
      High42.6 (14.6–76.2)2
      Missing8.3 (1.6–33.3)2
    Working status
      Paid employment28.1 (6.5–68.9)4
      Unemployed0.5 (0.1–4.1)1
      Housewife33.5 (10.6–68.0)9
      Retired14.3 (5.1–33.9)10
      Permanently disabled17.4 (6.0–40.7)6
      Other6.3 (0.8–34.8)1
    Marital status
      Married69.6 (43.4–87.3)13
      Single14.5 (5.0–35.1)7
      Stable couple1.2 (0.2–8.3)2
      Separated/divorced7.7 (1.8–27.7)4
      Widow7.0 (1.5–26.5)5
    Geographic zone
      Urban94.5 (81.6–98.5)28
      Rural5.5 (1.5–18.4)3
    • RA: rheumatoid arthritis.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Prevalence of RA in the total sample and by subgroups.

    VariablesEstimateCasesN*
    Total0.6 (0.3–1.2)312988
    Sex
      Male0.1 (0.0–0.5)41057
      Female1.0 (0.5–2.1)271931
    Age, yrs
      31–540.5 (0.2–1.6)81349
      55+0.8 (0.5–1.3)231639
    Educational level
      Low0.7 (0.4–1.5)13901
      Middle0.2 (0.1–0.5)141548
      High1.2 (0.3–4.7)2515
    Civil status
      Married0.8 (0.3–2.0)131336
      Single0.5 (0.2–1.1)7556
      Stable couple0.1 (0.0–0.4)2280
      Separated/divorced0.5 (0.1–1.8)4395
      Widow0.6 (0.1–2.4)5415
    Work status
      Paid employment0.3 (0.1–1.4)41432
      Unemployed0.1 (0.0–0.9)166
      Housewife1.0 (0.3–3.4)9615
      Retired0.6 (0.2–1.3)10760
      Permanently disabled6.6 (2.5–16.3)651
      Student0015
      Other3.4 (0.5–21.1)141
    Area of residence
      Urban0.7 (0.3–1.3)282460
      Rural0.3 (0.1–0.8)3528
    • ↵* N corresponds to the denominator in prevalence calculations. RA: rheumatoid arthritis.

Supplementary Materials

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  • Additional Files
  • Supplementary material accompanies the online version of this article.

Additional Files

  • Figures
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  • Supplementary Materials
  • Data Supplement

    • 190396DataSuppl.pdf
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The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Chile: A Nationwide Study Performed as Part of the National Health Survey
Josefina Durán, Loreto Massardo, Carolina Llanos, Sergio Iacobelli, Paula I. Burgos, Marcela Cisternas, Mirentxu Iruretagoyena, Macarena Armstrong, Raquel Aguilera, Francisco Radrigán, María Eugenia Martinez, Alvaro Passi-Solar, Pablo Riedemann, Natalia Crisóstomo, Camila Cifuentes, Lucero Hagedorn, Alvaro Cisternas, Nancy Vasquez, Paula Margozzini, the ENS2017 Study Group
The Journal of Rheumatology Jul 2020, 47 (7) 951-958; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190396

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The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Chile: A Nationwide Study Performed as Part of the National Health Survey
Josefina Durán, Loreto Massardo, Carolina Llanos, Sergio Iacobelli, Paula I. Burgos, Marcela Cisternas, Mirentxu Iruretagoyena, Macarena Armstrong, Raquel Aguilera, Francisco Radrigán, María Eugenia Martinez, Alvaro Passi-Solar, Pablo Riedemann, Natalia Crisóstomo, Camila Cifuentes, Lucero Hagedorn, Alvaro Cisternas, Nancy Vasquez, Paula Margozzini, the ENS2017 Study Group
The Journal of Rheumatology Jul 2020, 47 (7) 951-958; DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190396
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Keywords

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
ARTHRITIS
PREVALENCE
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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