Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1.
Scatterplots for cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness. Associations between VO2peak and arterial stiffness measured as augmentation index and pulse wave velocity with a regression line. VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake.
Demographics N = 118 Age, yrs, mean (SD) 48.9 (11.2) Sex (male), n (%) 75 (64) Current smoking, n (%) 18 (15) BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) 25.6 (3.4) Height, cm, mean (SD) 174 (10) Loss of height, cm, median (IQR) 1 (0–3) Disease characteristics BASDAI, mean (SD) 3.7 (1.8) ASDAS, mean (SD) 2.3 (0.9) CRP, mg/l, median (IQR) 3 (1–9) Medication, current use NSAID, n (%) 77 (65) TNF-α inhibitors, n (%) 24 (20) Statins, n (%) 15 (13) Antihypertensives, n (%) 28 (24) Lipids TC, mmol/l, mean (SD) 5.4 (1.1) HDL-C, mmol/l, mean (SD) 1.6 (0.5) Cardiorespiratory fitness VO2peak, ml/kg/min, mean (SD) 39.3 (8.0) Maximum heart rate (bpm), mean (SD) 172 (19) Borgs scale ≥ 17 at end of exercise test, n (%) 115 (98) Hemodynamic Brachial SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) 127 (17) Brachial DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) 78 (10) CMAP, mmHg, mean (SD) 95 (12) AIx (%), mean (SD) 14.8 (13.1) PWV, m/s, median (IQR) 7.3 (6.2–8.4) Ln(PWV + 0.5), mean (SD) 1.986 (0.199) AIx: augmentation index; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BMI: body mass index; CMAP: central mean arterial pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR: interquartile range; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; PWV: pulse wave velocity; Ln: log-transformed; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor–α; VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index.
- Table 2.
Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness, in multivariable linear regression.
Outcome AIx Outcome lnPWV Univariate Multivariable Univariate Multivariable B (95% CI) p B (95% CI) p B (95% CI) p B (95% CI) p Age, yrs 0.8 (0.6–0.9) < 0.001 0.5 (0.3–0.6) < 0.001 0.012 (0.009–0.014) < 0.001 0.009 (0.006–0.012) < 0.001 Sex, male −12.5 (−16.9 to −8.0) < 0.001 −9.4 (−12.6 to −6.2) < 0.001 0.035 (−0.042 to 0.113) 0.37 0.111 (0.046–0.176) 0.001 VO2peak, ml/kg/min −0.4 (−0.6 to −0.2)a 0.002 −0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1) 0.01 −0.003 (−0.007 to 0.002)a 0.24 −0.005 (−0.010 to −0.001) 0.03 Current smoking 0.7 (−3.6 to 5.0)a 0.74 −0.072 (−0.147 to 0.003)a 0.06 BMI, kg/m2 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6)a 0.44 0.007 (−0.001 to 0.015)a 0.09 CRP, mg/l 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)a 0.16 0.002 (−0.001 to 0.005)a 0.28 ASDAS 1.0 (−0.7 to 2.7)a 0.25 0.010 (−0.022 to 0.041)a 0.54 NSAID 0.2 (−3.6 to 3.1)a 0.89 −0.034 (−0.093 to 0.026)a 0.26 TC, mmol/l 0.3 (−1.2 to 1.8)a 0.67 0.032 (0.005−0.059)a 0.02 0.028 (0.003–0.053) 0.03 HDL-C, mmol/l −2.9 (−6.6 to 0.8)a 0.12 −0.006 (−0.075 to 0.063)a 0.86 CMAP, mmHg 0.3 (0.2–0.4)a < 0.001 0.3 (0.1–0.4) < 0.001 0.006 (0.003–0.008)a < 0.001 0.004 (0.002–0.007) 0.001 Height, cm −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1)a 0.18 NA NA Loss of height, cm NA NA −0.011 (−0.020 to −0.002)a 0.02 −0.011 (−0.020 to −0.002) 0.02 R2 0.69 0.63 Linear regression models with arterial stiffness as dependent variable.
↵a Adjusted age and sex. AIx: augmentation index; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BMI: body mass index; CMAP: central mean arterial pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA: not applicable; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; TC: total cholesterol; VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake; lnPWV: log-transformed pulse wave velocity.
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