Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic clinical characteristics of patients with PsA or PsC, and HC, and prevalence of poor sleep quality.
Characteristic Frequency (%) or Mean (SD) PsA, n = 113 PsC, n = 62 HC, n = 52 Age, yrs 57.4 (11.58) 56.9 (14.2) 42.2 (13.6) BMI, kg/m2 30.2 (6.3) 28.6 (6.2) N/A PASI 1.8 (4.7) 2.9 (3.0) N/A Duration of PsD, yrs 17.1 (11.6) 25.9 (17.0) N/A Sex, male 62 (54.9) 25 (40.3) 15 (28.9) Obstructive sleep apnea 3 (2.65) 3 (4.8) N/A Poor sleep quality* 95 (84.1) 43 (69.4) 26 (50.0) ↵* Calculated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores: ≤ 5 is associated with good sleep quality and > 5 is associated with poor sleep quality. PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsC: psoriasis without arthritis; HC: healthy control; N/A: not applicable or not available; BMI: body mass index; PsD: psoriatic disease; PASI: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index.
- Table 2.
Comparison of the PSQI scores within each component of sleep quality in patients with PsA or PsC, and HC. Range for each variable is 0–3, except for PSQI, which is 0–21. Data are mean (SD).
Variable PsA, n = 113 PsC, n = 62 HC, n = 52 Duration of sleep 0.88 (0.97) 0.77 (0.93) 0.54 (0.78) Sleep disturbance 1.45 (0.55) 1.21 (0.48) 0.92 (0.33) Sleep latency 1.36 (1.04) 0.71 (0.86) 0.85 (0.80) Daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness 1.15 (0.91) 0.77 (0.73) 0.58 (0.54) Sleep efficiency* 2.72 (0.85) 2.60 (1.00) 1.88 (1.44) Need for sleep medications 0.51 (0.96) 0.32 (0.78) 0.17 (0.47) Patient perceived sleep quality 1.17 (0.83) 0.79 (0.70) 0.73 (0.49) PSQI score 9.24 (3.54) 7.18 (2.9) 5.67 (2.12) ↵* Sleep efficiency was calculated by the following formula and appropriately scored: (total # of hours asleep) / (total # of hours in bed) × 100. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsC: psoriasis without arthritis; HC: healthy controls.
- Table 3.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing the PSQI scores within each component of sleep quality in patients with PsA or PsC, and HC. Range for each variable is 0–3, except for PSQI, which is 0–21.
Variable Comparison p Comparison p Comparison p Duration of sleep PsC vs PsA 0.5351 PsC vs HC 0.1837 PsA > HC 0.0425* Sleep disturbance PsC < PsA 0.0056* PsC > HC 0.0005* PsA > HC < 0.0001* Sleep latency PsC < PsA < 0.0001* PsC vs HC 0.2479 PsA > HC 0.0028* Daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness PsC < PsA 0.0091* PsC vs HC 0.2035 PsA > HC < 0.0001* Sleep efficiency** PsC vs PsA 0.4434 PsC > HC 0.0029* PsA > HC < 0.0001* Need for sleep medications PsC vs PsA 0.2072 PsC vs HC 0.4646 PsA > HC 0.0474* Patient-perceived sleep quality PsC < PsA 0.0034* PsC vs HC 0.8905 PsA > HC 0.0011* PSQI score PsC < PsA < 0.0001* PsC > HC 0.0069* PsA > HC < 0.0001* ↵* Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.
↵** Sleep efficiency was calculated by the following formula and appropriately scored: (total no. hours asleep)/(total no. hours in bed) × 100. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsC: psoriasis without arthritis; HC: healthy controls.
Variable Measure Estimate p Group, 0 = PsC, 1 = PsA 2.061519 0.0001 Sex, 0 = female, 1 = male −0.80564 0.123 BMI 0.090745 0.029 Age −0.01098 0.601 PASI 0.032701 0.598 Obstructive sleep apnea −2.11905 0.137 Diabetes 1.023617 0.223 Hypertension 0.452401 0.410 Alcohol consumption −0.74446 0.033 Smoking history −0.00219 0.997 HAQ final 3.054029 < 0.0001 EQ-5D anxiety component 3.252552 < 0.0001 DLQI 0.156001 0.015 EQ-5D final −10.4221 < 0.0001 FACIT-fatigue −0.14112 < 0.0001 HAQ pain VAS 0.201758 0.060 HAQ stiffness VAS 0.036352 0.773 SF-36 MCS −0.1404 < 0.0001 SF-36 PCS −0.12874 < 0.0001 PtGA 1.442746 < 0.0001 PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PsD: psoriatic disease; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsC: psoriasis without arthritis; BMI: body mass index; PASI: Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; VAS: visual analog scale; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36; MCS: mental component summary; PCS: physical component summary; PtGA: patient’s global assessment; DLQI: Dermatology Life Quality Index; FACIT: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy.
- Table 5.
Final reduced model obtained from backward elimination after including variables with p < 0.2 from the univariate analysis of variables associated with PSQI in patients with PsD.
Variable Estimate p Group (0 = PsC, 1 = PsA) 1.29642 0.013 Sex (0 = female, 1 = male) −1.19040 0.009 EQ-5D anxiety component 1.35326 0.019 EQ-5D final −4.43332 0.020 FACIT-fatigue −0.05761 0.025 Response variable: PSQI. A higher reported anxiety score reflects worse anxiety. A higher calculated EQ-5D score reflects a better quality of life. A higher calculated FACIT-fatigue score reflects less fatigue. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PsD: psoriatic disease; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsC: psoriasis without arthritis; FACIT: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy.
In this issue
