Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Flow chart of the study population. RA: rheumatoid arthritis.
- Figure 2.
Unadjusted analysis of self-reported functional status (FFbH), disease effect (RAID), and joint status (SJC and TJC) by household income categories. FFbH: Hannover functional status (range 0–100); RAID: Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of the Disease (range 0–10); SJC: swollen joint count (range 0–48); TJC: tender joint count (range 0–50).
Tables
- Table 1.
Patient characteristics and patient-reported outcomes. All values are weighted according to the stratification.
Variables Total, n = 1492 Missing Values, n Patient characteristics Age, yrs, mean (95% CI) 54.9 (54.6–55.3) 0 Female, % 81.6 0 Disease duration, yrs, mean (95% CI) 14 (13.3–14.7) 28 In rheumatologic care, % 74.1 8 DMARD therapy, % 52.1 20 BMI, kg/m2, mean (95% CI) 26.8 (26.4–27.1) 16 Smoking, ever, % 43.7 17 Socioeconomic variables Household income, €, % 96 < 1500 27.4 1500–3200 51.8 > 3200 20.7 Education, yrs, % 9 ≤ 8 27.1 9–10 48 > 10 25 Patient-reported disease outcomes FFbH, 0–100, mean (95% CI) 73.2 (71.8–74.6) 41 RAID, 0–10, mean (95% CI) 4.4 (4.3–4.6) 23 SJC, 0–48, mean (95% CI) 7.4 (6.7–8.2) 282 Median (95% CI) 3.2 (2.7–3.7) TJC, 0–50, mean (95% CI) 12.3 (11.4–13.1) 108 Median (95% CI) 7.8 (7–8.6) DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; BMI: body mass index; FFbH: Hannover functional status questionnaire; RAID: Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease; SJC: swollen joint count; TJC: tender joint count.
- Table 2.
Effect of RA on work productivity outcomes, stratified by household income. All values are weighted according to the stratification. Values are % (95% CI).
Work Productivity Variables Household Income, € < 1500 1500–3200 > 3200 Having applied for disability pension 18.1 (12.9–23.3) 9.6 (6.7–12.4) 6.9 (2.9–10.8) On sick leave for more than 6 weeks 8.7 (4.8–12.7) 3.5 (1.6–5.4) 1.8 (0.2–3.4) Change of workplace 9.1 (5.3–13) 9.3 (6.5–12.2) 5.1 (2.5–7.7) Less efficient at work 58.5 (51.6–65.5) 53.2 (48.3–58.1) 57 (49.6–64.4) Fear of not being able to work until retirement 30.5 (24.3–36.8) 31.5 (26.9–36.1) 27.9 (21.2–34.6) Working fewer hours 14.2 (9.4–18.9) 12.9 (9.3–16.4) 17.3 (11.2–23.4) No influence of RA on professional activities* 16.4 (11–21.7) 22.4 (18.4–26.3) 30 (23.2–36.9) ↵* p < 0.05 in the Rao-Scott chi-square test comparing the proportion of persons in the income groups. For persons with low, medium, and high incomes, n = 22 (6.3%), 26 (3.6%), and 2 (0.7%), respectively, did not report on the influence of RA on their working life. Bold face indicates statistically significant influence on the outcome. RA: rheumatoid arthritis.
- Table 3.
Association between household income and self-reported disease outcomes: results from the multivariable linear regression models. All values are weighted according to the stratification. The models were mutually adjusted for all the variables in the table. Values are estimate (95% CI).
Variable Reference RAID FFbH SJC Age, per 10 yrs Per 10 yrs −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02) −2.43 (−2.79 to −2.06) 0.49 (0.30–0.67) Female Male 0.58 (0.50–0.66) −6.19 (−6.96 to −5.43) 1.31 (0.91–1.72) BMI, kg/m2 Per unit 0.04 (0.04–0.05) −0.54 (−0.61 to −0.47) 0.15 (0.11–0.19) Smoking, ever Never 0.01 (−0.09 to 0.10) −0.79 (−1.59 to 0.00) 0.55 (0.14–0.96) Rheumatologic care, yes No 0.04 (−0.07 to 0.15) −1.95 (−2.85 to −1.06) −0.01 (−0.48 to 0.46) ≤ 8 yrs of education > 10 yrs 0.74 (0.61–0.87) −4.07 (−5.26 to −2.87) 0.33 (−0.20 to 0.87) 9–10 yrs of education > 10 yrs 0.39 (0.28–0.50) −2.89(−3.78 to −1.99) 0.50 (0.07–0.92) Household income < €1500 > € 3200 0.73 (0.59–0.86) −8.65 (−9.72 to −7.58) 3.47 (2.86–4.08) Household income €1500–3200 > € 3200 0.28 (0.16–0.39) −6.09 (−7.00 to −5.19) 0.70 (0.41–1.29) Applied for disability pension No 1.39 (1.23–1.55) −18.11 (−19.59 to −16.64) 3.70 (2.90–4.50) On sick leave for > 6 weeks No 1.39 (1.18–1.60) −13.47 (−15.37 to −11.58) 1.72 (0.59–2.84) Change of workplace No 0.16 (0.01–0.30) −4.44 (−5.67 to −3.21) 1.93 (1.03–2.82) Less efficient at work No 1.13 (1.04–1.22) −6.47 (−7.27 to −5.67) 2.38 (1.98–2.78) Fear of not being able to work until retirement No 0.99 (0.90–1.09) −5.23 (−6.06 to −4.40) 1.21 (0.77–1.64) Working fewer hours No 0.03 (−0.09 to 0.15) 0.26 (−0.84 to 1.35) −1.59 (−2.13 to −1.04) Bold face indicates statistically significant influence on the outcome. RAID: Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of the Disease (0–10); FFbH: Hannover functional status questionnaire (0–100); SJC: swollen joint count (0–48); BMI: body mass index.
