Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A case search was performed electronically in the information systems of the hospital using the ICD-10 code for TA (M31.4), and 810 medical charts of patients with the diagnosis of TA who had been admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1990 to 2014 were found. There were 411 patients with complete angiographic evaluation and datasets who were included in this study. Of the patients, 164 who had evidence of heart involvement were subdivided into the heart involvement group and the other 247 patients without cardiac abnormalities were treated as the control group. Two patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease and 1 patient with congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect with left-to-right shunt) were included in the control group. ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th ed; TA: Takayasu arteritis.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic data and clinical features of 411 patients with Takayasu arteritis. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Characteristic Total Heart Involved Group Control Group p Chi-square Total, n 411 164 247 Sex Female 325 (79.1) 127 (77.4) 198 (80.2) 0.54 0.44 Male 86 (20.9) 37 (22.6) 49 (19.8) Age at onset, yrs, median (IQR) 23.0 (18.0–30.0) 23.0 (17.3–30.0) 23.0 (18.0–31.0) 0.89 < 20 145 (35.3) 56 (34.1) 89 (36.0) ≥ 20 to < 30 163 (39.7) 68 (41.5) 95 (38.5) ≥ 30 to < 40 72 (17.5) 25 (15.2) 47 (19.0) ≥ 40 31 (7.5) 15 (9.1) 16 (6.5) Duration of disease at admission, mos, median (IQR) 21.0 (6.0–60.0) 24.0 (7.3–84.0) 16.0 (4.0–48.0) 0.001* < 60 325 (79.1) 120 (73.2) 205 (83.0) ≥ 60 86 (20.9) 44 (26.8) 42 (17.0) 0.016* 5.75 Disease activity while taking first echocardiogram test Active 329 (80.0) 133 (81.1) 196 (79.4) 0.67 0.19 Stable 82 (20.0) 31 (18.9) 51 (20.6) Constitutional findings Fever 128 (31.1) 45 (27.4) 83 (33.6) 0.19 1.75 Malaise 122 (29.7) 51 (31.1) 71 (28.7) 0.61 0.26 Weight loss 82 (20.0) 41 (25.0) 41 (16.6) 0.037* 4.36 Symptoms Arthralgia 37 (9.0) 7 (4.3) 30 (12.1) 0.006* 7.47 Rash 32 (7.8) 11 (6.7) 21 (8.5) 0.51 0.44 Vascular findings Vascular bruit Carotid arteries 257 (62.5) 109 (66.5) 148 (59.9) 0.18 1.80 Subclavian arteries 159 (38.7) 74 (45.1) 85 (34.4) 0.029* 4.77 Abdominal 114 (27.7) 53 (32.3) 61 (24.7) 0.09 2.86 Hypertension 209 (50.9) 94 (57.3) 115 (46.6) 0.033* 4.56 Ischemic stroke 22 (5.4) 5 (3.0) 17 (6.9) 0.09 2.86 Renal dysfunction 47 (11.4) 28 (17.1) 19 (7.7) 0.003* 8.56 Laboratory findings Level of ESR, mm/h, median (IQR) 26.0 (11.0–65.0) 28.0 (11.0–69.0) 26.0 (11.0–65.0) 0.83 Level of CRP, mg/l, median (IQR) 12.8 (3.4–44.8) 16.3 (4.7–52.5) 12.3 (3.2–43.8) 0.23 Level of hs-CRP, mg/l, median (IQR) 8.8 (2.0–12.5) 10.0 (2.9–26.0) 7.0 (1.8–10.0) 0.017* Level of WBC, 109/l, median (IQR) 8.2 (6.6–11.0) 8.5 (6.7–11.4) 8.0 (6.5–10.6) 0.21 Numano angiographic classification Type I 91 (22.1) 25 (15.2) 66 (26.7) 0.006* 7.53 Type IIa 16 (3.9) 6 (3.7) 10 (4.0) 0.84 0.04 Type IIb 16 (3.9) 8 (4.9) 8 (3.2) 0.40 0.71 Type III 12 (2.9) 4 (2.4) 8 (3.2) 0.77** 0.22 Type IV 26 (6.3) 11 (6.7) 15 (6.1) 0.80 0.07 Type V 250 (60.8) 110 (67.1) 140 (56.7) 0.028* 4.82 - Table 2.
Angiographic classification and clinical features in 164 patients with Takayasu arteritis who had cardiac abnormalities. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Characteristic Coronary Arterial Abnormalities Valvular Abnormalities Myocardial Abnormalities Total, n 19 134 26 Angiographic classifications Type I 2 (10.5) 21 (15.7) 0 Type IIa 0 3 (2.2) 1 (3.9) Type IIb 1 (5.3) 7 (5.2) 0 Type III 0 4 (3.0) 0 Type IV 1 (5.3) 10 (7.5) 3 (11.5) Type V 15 (78.9) 89 (66.4) 22 (84.6) Age at onset, yrs, median (IQR) 26.8 (21.2–40.5) 23.8 (17.1–32.1) 18.8 (15.9–24.1) < 20 4 (21.1) 44 (32.8) 14 (53.8) ≥ 20 to < 30 6 (31.6) 53 (39.6) 11 (42.3) ≥ 30 to < 40 4 (21.1) 23 (17.2) 0 ≥ 40 5 (26.3) 14 (10.4) 1 (3.8) Duration of disease at admission, mos, median (IQR) 57.0 (22.0–120.0) 23.5 (7.0–74.5) 13.0 (6.0–36.0) < 60 10 (52.6) 98 (73.1) 23 (88.5) ≥ 60 9 (47.4) 36 (26.9) 3 (11.5) Disease activity while taking first echocardiogram test Active 15 (78.9) 106 (79.1) 23 (88.5) Stable 4 (21.1) 28 (20.9) 3 (11.5) IQR: interquartile range.
- Table 3.
Valvular abnormalities in 134 patients with Takayasu arteritis. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Variable Total Aortic Valves Mitral Valves Tricuspid Valves Pulmonary Valves Type of valvular abnormality Insufficiency 134 (100) 84 (62.7) 55 (41.0) 19 (14.2) 7 (5.2) One valve involved 90 (67.2) 59 (44.0) 24 (17.9) 7 (5.2) 0 More than 1 valve involved 44 (32.8) 25 (18.7) 31 (23.1) 12(9.0) 7 (5.2) Stenosis 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 0 0 0 Others Thickening of aortic valves 12 (9.0) Anterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse 8 (6.0) Degree of valvular abnormalities Mild insufficiency 108 (80.6) 52 (38.8) 42 (31.1) 9 (6.7) 5 (3.7) Medium to severe insufficiency 56 (41.8) 30 (22.4) 14 (10.4) 10 (7.5) 2 (1.5) Mild stenosis 1 (0.6) 1(0.6) 0 0 0 Combined with other cardiac abnormalities 30 (22.4) 17 (12.7) 17 (12.7) 7 (5.2) 4 (3.0) Enlargement of left atrium 21 (15.7) 10 (7.5) 16 (11.9) 5 (3.7) 4 (3.0) Enlargement of left ventricle 15 (11.2) 5 (3.7) 11 (8.2) 4 (3.0) 3 (2.2) Enlargement of right atrium 9 (6.7) 3 (2.2) 7 (5.2) 6 (4.5) 2 (1.5) Enlargement of right ventricle 6 (4.5) 0 4 (3.0) 4 (3.0) 2 (1.5) Dilatation of aortic root 8 (6.0) 8 (6.0) 2 (1.5) 1 (0.6) 0 More than 1 abnormality 18 (13.4) 7 (5.2) 12 (9.0) 7 (5.2) 4 (3.0) - Table 4.
Review of other studies for cardiac abnormalities of Chinese patients with Takayasu arteritis. Values are % unless otherwise specified.
Variable Yang, et al5 Zhu, et al4 Jiang, et al9 Wan, et al8 This Study n 566 524 290 85 411 Heart involved ND 8.6 ND 64.7 39.9 Myocardial abnormalities ND 2.3 ND 7.1 6.3 Coronary arterial abnormalities 11.7 0.6 ND 10.6 4.6 Valvular abnormalities Aortic insufficiency 36.7 3.2 14.5 34.1 20.4 Aortic stenosis ND 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 Mitral insufficiency 15.2 4.6 8.3 15.3 13.4 Tricuspid insufficiency ND 4.4 4.5 14.1 4.6 Pulmonary insufficiency ND 0.8 3.1 4.7 1.7 ND: no data.
