Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Participant flow through the trial.
- Figure 2.
Relative percent increases in isokinetic knee extensor and flexor peak torque at an angular velocity of 60°/s (left panel) and 120°/s (right panel; average of right and left legs). Values are mean ± SEM. All p < 0.05.
Tables
Variable Cycling Swimming Race and ethnicity, n White 18 16 African American 3 4 Hispanic 3 3 Asian 0 0 Other 0 1 Affected joints, n Foot 2 2 Hand 2 1 Hip 3 2 Knee 15 18 Shoulder 1 0 Spine 1 0 Variables Cycling Swimming Baseline After Baseline After Body mass, kg 84.5 ± 3.8 83.0 ± 4.1* 92.0 ± 4.7 89.4 ± 3.9* Body mass index, kg/m2 31.6 ± 1.7 31.0 ± 1.9 34.6 ± 2.1 33.9 ± 1.7 Waist circumference, cm 102 ± 4 99 ± 4* 106 ± 3 103 ± 3* Hip circumference, cm 116 ± 3 114 ± 3* 120 ± 3 117 ± 3* Body fat, % 44 ± 2 44 ± 2 45 ± 2 44 ± 2 Lean tissue mass, kg 96 ± 4 97 ± 4 102 ± 3 101 ± 3 Visceral adipose tissue, kg 3.3 ± 0.4 3.2 ± 0.4* 3.4 ± 0.3 3.0 ± 0.3* Godin physical activity score, U 15 ± 2 35 ± 1* 13 ± 1 38 ± 2* ↵* p < 0.05 versus baseline.
- Table 3.
Changes in physical function, pain, and health-related quality of life. Values are mean ± SEM.
Variables Cycling Swimming Baseline After Baseline After WOMAC Pain (0–20) 7.8 ± 0.9 4.5 ± 0.5* 6.9 ± 0.7 4.2 ± 0.5* Stiffness (0–8) 4.4 ± 0.4 3.1 ± 0.3* 3.8 ± 0.3 2.6 ± 0.3* Functional limitation (0–68) 23.5 ± 1.8 17.5 ± 2.7* 20.9 ± 2.1 11.7 ± 1.9* Health-related quality of life (SF-36) Mental score (0–100) 64 ± 4 78 ± 3* 65 ± 3 79 ± 3* Physical score (0–100) 51 ± 4 69 ± 3* 53 ± 4 73 ± 3* ↵* p < 0.05 versus baseline. WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36.
Variables Cycling Swimming Baseline After Baseline After Six-min walk test, m 552 ± 22 594 ± 19* 556 ± 21 589 ± 22* Six-min walk test, steps 775 ± 12 879 ± 13* 782 ± 18 890 ± 16* Walk speed, m/s 1.5 ± 0.06 1.7 ± 0.06* 1.5 ± 0.06 1.6 ± 0.1* Grip strength left, kg 21.8 ± 1 23.0 ± 1* 20.6 ± 1 21.3 ± 1* Grip strength right, kg 22.8 ± 1 24.6 ± 1* 20.2 ± 1 20.6 ± 1* Isokinetic knee peak torque at 60°/s Right-extension, Nm 62 ± 5 72 ± 5* 58 ± 4 68 ± 4* Right-flexion, Nm 41 ± 4 50 ± 3* 42 ± 3 50 ± 3* Left-extension, Nm 58 ± 4 64 ± 4* 60 ± 3 69 ± 4* Left-flexion, Nm 41 ± 5 50 ± 3* 42 ± 3 50 ± 3* Isokinetic knee peak torque at 120°/s Right-extension, Nm 46 ± 4 55 ± 4* 40 ± 3 48 ± 3* Right-flexion, Nm 35 ± 3 41 ± 3* 32 ± 2 40 ± 2* Left-extension, Nm 44 ± 3 53 ± 3* 44 ± 2 56 ± 3* Left-flexion, Nm 35 ± 3 40 ± 3* 33 ± 2 44 ± 2* Values are mean ± SEM.
↵* p < 0.05 versus baseline.
