Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Disease activity index (DAI) in groups stratified by age, for patients who died and those alive at the end of the study. Ages given in years. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic data of patients with PsA. Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Age, yrs*, mean (± SD) 59.5 (13.5) Duration PsA, yrs*, mean (± SD) 20.4 (11.1) Duration PsO, yrs*, mean (± SD) 31.1 (16.4) BMI*, mean (± SD) 27.7 (5.1) Male 234 (50.4) Destructive/deforming disease 233 (50.7) bDMARD (ever) 57 (12.4) sDMARD (ever) 312 (67.2) Fulfilling CASPAR criteria 418 (90.3) Exclusive DIP joint disease according to Moll and Wright** 3 (0.6) Mono/oligoarthritis according to Moll and Wright** 214 (46.1) Polyarthritis, including arthritis mutilans (n = 8), according to Moll and Wright** 197 (42.5) Axial disease without peripheral joint involvement 33 (7.1) Axial and peripheral joint involvement 46 (9.9) Smoker (ever) 248 (55.0) Smoker (current) * 69 (15.3) Hypertension* 205 (44.5) Hyperlipidemia* 71 (15.4) Diabetes* 58 (12.6) ↵* At the end of the study (2011) or death.
↵** 1973 Moll and Wright criteria for PsA. PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsO: psoriasis; BMI: body mass index; DAI: disease activity index; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; bDMARD: biological DMARD; sDMARD: synthetic DMARD; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; CASPAR: ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (criteria); DIP: distal interphalangeal.
Cause of Death Women, n Exp, n SMR (95% CI) Men, n Exp, n SMR (95% CI) Women and Men, n Exp, n SMR (95% CI) Circulatory 9 4.6 1.95 (0.91–3.75) 12 8.2 1.46 (0.75–2.55) 21 12.8 1.64 (1.02–2.52) Neoplasms 6 6.0 1.00 (0.37–2.19) 8 6.4 1.24 (0.54–2.45) 14 12.4 1.13 (0.62–1.89) All 19 14.7 1.29 (0.78–2.02) 25 21.4 1.17 (0.75–1.72) 44 36.1 1.22 (0.89–1.63) SMR: standardized mortality ratio; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; Exp: expected deaths according to statistics of the general population.
- Table 3.
Comparison of disease characteristics at the end of the study between patients who died and those who were alive at the end of the study. Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Characteristics Alive Dead p OR (95% CI) Age, yrs, ± SD (n) 58.4 ± 13.0 (420) 70.4 ± 13.7 (44) < 0.001 1.08 (1.05–1.11) Duration PsA, yrs, ± SD (n) 20.3 ± 10.9 (419) 21.4 ± 13.7 (44) 0.566 1.01 (0.98–1.04) Duration PsO, yrs, ± SD (n) 29.9 ± 14.9 (399) 37.9 ± 19.3 (39) 0.003 1.03 (1.01–1.05) BMI, ± SD (n) 27.7 ± 5.2 (370) 27.2 ± 4.7 (30) 0.636 0.98 (0.91–1.06) DAI, mean ± SD (n) 3.87 ± 0.82 (411) 4.49 ± 1.13 (43) < 0.001 1.94 (1.43–2.64) Male 209 (50) 25 (57) 0.373 0.75 (0.40–1.41) Smoking (ever) 224 (54) 24 (60) 0.505 1.25 (0.65–2.43) Hypertension 181 (43) 24 (55) 0.157 1.56 (0.84–2.92) Hyperlipidemia 66 (16) 5 (11) 0.435 0.68 (0.26–1.79) Diabetes 49 (12) 9 (20) 0.099 1.93 (0.87–4.25) Destructive/deforming disease 204 (49) 29 (67) 0.021 2.16 (1.11–4.21) bDMARD (ever) 55 (13) 2 (4.5) 0.098 0.31 (0.74–1.34) sDMARD (ever) 285 (68) 27 (61) 0.383 0.75 (0.40–1.43) NSAID (ever) 303 (72) 24 (54) 0.014 0.46 (0.24–0.86) Oral corticosteroid treatment (ever) 123 (29) 20 (46) 0.028 2.00 (1.07–3.76) Fulfilling CASPAR criteria 378 (90) 40 (91) 0.882 1.08 (0.37–3.18) Polyarthritis (according to Moll and Wright)* 173 (41) 24 (54) 0.088 1.71 (0.92–3.20) Dactylitis (ever) 119 (41) 10 (33) 0.421 0.72 (0.33–1.60) Nail involvement (ever) 162 (53) 16 (48) 0.640 0.84 (0.41–1.73) Axial involvement 65 (15) 14 (32) 0.006 2.54 (1.28–5.05) Axial and peripheral joint involvement 35 (8.3) 11 (24) < 0.001 3.65 (1.70–7.86) ↵* 1973 Moll and Wright criteria for PsA. PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsO: psoriasis; BMI: body mass index; DAI: disease activity index; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; bDMARD: biological DMARD; sDMARD: synthetic DMARD; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; CASPAR: ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (criteria).
- Table 4.
SIR of acute cardiovascular events in patients with PsA compared with the general population.
Sex Stroke, n Exp, n SIR (95% CI) AMI, n Exp, n SIR (95% CI) Stroke + AMI, n Exp, n SIR (95% CI) Male 6 13.6 0.44 (0.16–0.96) 11 17.1 0.64 (0.32–1.15) 17 30.8 0.55 (0.32–0.88) Female 8 10.0 0.80 (0.34–1.57) 4 7.7 0.52 (0.14–1.32) 12 17.8 0.68 (0.35–1.18) All 14 23.7 0.59 (0.32–0.99) 15 24.9 0.60 (0.34–0.99) 29 48.6 0.60 (0.4–0.86) SIR: standardized incidence ratio; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; Exp: expected deaths according to statistics of the general population.
- Table 5.
Comparison of disease characteristics at the end of the study between patients with or without event during the study. Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Characteristics No Event Event p OR (95% CI) Age, yrs, ± SD (n) 57.6 ± 13.3 (430) 70.7 ± 12.1 (34) < 0.001 1.08 (1.05–1.11) Duration PsA, yrs, ± SD (n) 19.9 ± 10.9 (430) 14.0 ± 13.5 (33) 0.004 0.94 (0.90–0.98) Duration PsO, yrs, ± SD (n) 29.5 ± 15.0 (407) 31.2 ± 21.5 (31) 0.565 1.01 (0.98–1.03) BMI, kg/m2, ± SD (n) 27.7 ± 5.2 (273) 27.8 ± 4.5 (27) 0.872 1.01 (0.93–1.08) DAI, mean, ± SD (n) 3.90 ± 0.85 (420) 4.24 ± 1.02 (34) 0.030 1.47 (1.04–2.08) Male 215 (50) 19 (56) 0.51 0.79 (0.39–1.59) Smoking (ever) 226 (54) 22 (67) 0.16 1.70 (0.08–3.59) Hypertension 179 (42) 26 (76) < 0.001 4.5 (1.99–10.2) Hyperlipidemia 61 (14) 10 (29) 0.019 2.5 (1.14–5.49) Diabetes 49 (12) 9 (27) 0.008 2.89 (1.27–6.58) Destructive/deforming disease 216 (51) 17 (50) 0.94 0.97 (0.48–1.96) bDMARD (ever) 56 (13) 1 (2.9) 0.083 0.20 (0.03–1.5) sDMARD (ever) 288 (67) 24 (71) 0.67 1.18 (0.55–2.54) NSAID (ever) 314 (73) 13 (38) < 0.001 0.23 (0.11–0.47) Oral corticosteroids (ever) 128 (30) 15 (44) 0.083 1.86 (0.91–3.77) Fulfilling CASPAR criteria 387 (90) 31 (91) 0.86 1.12 (0.33–3.83) Polyarthritis (according to Moll and Wright)* 180 (42) 17 (50) 0.36 1.39 (0.69–2.79) Dactylitis (ever) 119 (40) 10 (38) 0.85 0.92 (0.41–2.11) Nail involvement (ever) 168 (53) 10 (40) 0.20 0.58 (0.25–1.34) Axial involvement 74 (17) 5 (15) 0.70 0.83 (0.31–2.21) Axial and peripheral joint involvement 41 (9.6) 5 (15) 0.33 1.63 (0.60–4.44) ↵* Moll and Wright criteria for PsA. PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsO: psoriasis; BMI: body mass index; DAI: disease activity index; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; bDMARD: biological DMARD; sDMARD: synthetic DMARD; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; CASPAR: ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (criteria).
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