Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Percentage of patients reporting problems performing EQ-5D domain activities or PROMIS HAQ score — patients with inadequately vs adequately controlled gout. A. *Defined for mobility as the sum of percentage of patients with some problems in walking about + percentage confined to bed; for self-care, as sum of percentage with some problems + percentage unable to wash or dress; for usual activities (act), as sum of percentage with some problems + percentage unable to perform usual activities; for pain/discomfort (disc), sum of percentage with moderate + percentage with extreme pain or discomfort; for anxiety/depression (anx/depr), sum of percentage moderately + percentage extremely anxious or depressed. † p < 0.001 vs patients with inadequately controlled gout across the 3 groups of each domain (no, some, or extreme problem). B. Data are mean (95% CI). * p < 0.001 vs patients with inadequately controlled gout.
- Figure 2.
Percentage of (A) work time missed because of gout, (B) impairment while working due to gout, (C) overall work impairment due to gout, and (D) activity impairment due to gout — patients with inadequately controlled vs adequately controlled gout. Data are mean (95% CI). * p < 0.001 vs patients with inadequately controlled gout.
Tables
Characteristic All Patients, N = 1204 Patients with Inadequately Controlled Gout, n = 836 Patients with Adequately Controlled Gout, n = 368 p Age, yrs, mean (SD) 61.9 (12.3) 61.3 (12.7) 63.4 (11.4) 0.0048 Male, n (%) 986 (81.9) 685 (81.9) 301 (81.8) 1 Time since diagnosis, months, mean (SD) 58.7 (60.3) 52.1 (57.4) 73.9 (64.0) < 0.0001 Time receiving current therapy, months, mean (SD) 39.9 (49.5) 32.2 (44.4) 57.4 (55.8) < 0.0001 Current therapy, n (%) Allopurinol 922 (76.6) 617 (73.8) 305 (82.9) 0.0005 Febuxostat 261 (21.7) 201 (24.0) 60 (16.3) 0.0024 Probenecid 27 (2.2) 26 (3.1) 1 (0.3) 0.0011 Other* 10 (0.8) 8 (1.0) 2 (0.5) 0.732 Comorbid conditions, n (%) ≥ 1 cardiovascular 759 (63.0) 527 (63.0) 232 (63.0) 1 ≥ 1 gastrointestinal 193 (16.0) 140 (16.8) 53 (14.4) 0.348 ≥ 1 auto-immune 46 (3.8) 29 (3.5) 17 (4.6) 0.332 ≥ 1 renal 226 (18.8) 161 (19.3) 65 (17.7) 0.575 ≥ 1 other 479 (39.8) 322 (38.5) 157 (42.7) 0.180 Tophi, yes, n (%) 191 (15.9) 138 (16.5) 53 (14.4) 0.392 Compliance, yes, n (%) Physician-reported 1048 (87.0) 698 (83.5) 350 (95.1) < 0.0001 Patient-reported 1084 (94.0) 751 (93.2) 333 (96.0) 0.078 Employed, yes, n (%) 506 (43.3) 362 (44.5) 144 (40.6) 0.223 ↵* “Other” includes benzbromarone, sulfinpyrazone, and pegloticase. For patients with inadequately controlled gout: serum uric acid (sUA) > 6 mg/dl (> 357 µmol/l) or ≥ 2 flares. For patients with adequately controlled gout: sUA ≤ 6 mg/dl (≤ 357 µmol/l) and 0 flares.
- Table 2.
EQ-5D domain summary scores by prevalence — patients with inadequately vs adequately controlled gout.
Percent Reporting No/Some/Severe* Domain Patients with Inadequately Controlled Gout, N = 836 Patients with Adequately Controlled Gout, N = 368 p† Pain/discomfort 41.0/52.3/6.7 62.2/36.1/1.7 < 0.0001 Mobility 55.4/44.2/0.4 70.8/29.2/0.0 < 0.0001 Usual activities 61.3/36.3/2.4 81.9/17.2/0.8 < 0.0001 Anxiety/depression 70.0/27.5/2.4 82.2/16.2/1.7 < 0.0001 Self-care 79.8/19.7/0.5 90.5/9.5/0.0 < 0.0001 - Table 3.
Percentage of patients reporting difficulty performing PROMIS HAQ domain activities — patients with inadequately vs adequately controlled gout.
Activities % Reporting No/Little/Some/Much Difficulty/Unable to do Patients with Inadequately Controlled Gout, N = 836 Patients with Adequately Controlled Gout, N = 368 p * Dress yourself including shoelaces and buttons 62.3/25.3/6.2/5.7/0.5 75.7/17.7/3.6/2.5/0.6 < 0.0001 Shampoo your hair 75.1/17.5/5.0/1.8/0.6 88.1/10.0/1.9/0.0/0.0 < 0.0001 Stand up from armless straight chair 61.0/22.1/7.9/8.4/0.6 74.9/18.0/4.1/2.8/0.3 < 0.0001 Get in/out of bed 64.5/24.4/9.0/1.7/0.4 79.0/14.1/5.5/1.4/0.0 < 0.0001 Cut your own food using eating utensils 81.1/12.7/5.1/0.9/0.2 92.5/6.1/1.1/0.3/0.0 < 0.0001 Lift a full cup/glass to mouth 84.7/11.3/2.7/1.2/0.1 95.8/2.5/1.4/0.3/0.0 < 0.0001 Open a new milk carton 76.8/14.7/6.5/1.2/0.9 85.9/10.5/2.2/1.1/0.3 0.0002 Walk outdoors on flat ground 58.8/16.2/7.3/17.0/0.7 80.6/10.3/1.9/7.2/0.0 < 0.0001 Climb up 5 steps 53.3/19.3/9.1/17.2/1.1 70.8/18.9/2.8/7.5/0.0 < 0.0001 Wash/dry your body 77.3/16.2/4.8/1.3/0.4 90.3/6.4/2.5/0.8/0.0 < 0.0001 Take a tub bath 68.5/20.7/6.6/2.8/1.4 80.1/14.0/3.9/1.4/0.6 < 0.0001 Get on/off toilet 70.9/16.4/4.9/7.7/0.1 83.8/11.7/1.7/2.8/0.0 < 0.0001 Reach up and take down a 5-lb object 61.0/22.5/8.4/6.8/1.2 73.9/18.3/4.2/3.4/0.3 < 0.0001 Bend down to pick up clothing from floor 55.4/29.5/10.4/4.0/0.7 67.5/23.6/7.8/1.1/0.0 < 0.0001 Open car doors 77.0/17.0/4.8/0.6/0.6 91.1/7.0/1.4/0.6/0.0 < 0.0001 Open previously opened jars 69.9/21.0/6.7/1.6/0.9 80.3/15.5/3.1/0.3/0.8 0.0001 Turn faucet on/off 78.9/15.1/5.0/0.9/0.1 89.5/8.9/1.1/0.6/0.0 < 0.0001 Run errands and shop 58.3/18.9/5.1/16.1/1.6 77.3/11.9/3.6/6.4/0.8 < 0.0001 Get in/out of car 58.7/26.7/11.2/3.2/0.3 74.5/21.9/3.3/0.3/0.0 < 0.0001 Do chores such as vacuuming or yard work 48.7/28.4/15.6/4.1/3.3 64.0/22.9/9.5/2.8/0.8 < 0.0001 Need cane/crutches/walker/wheelchair or help to get around, % yes 16.2 6.4 < 0.0001 Need special chair/raised toilet seat or help to stand up from sitting, % yes 7.2 2.5 0.001 Need a buttonhook/zipper pull/gadget or help to get dressed, % yes 4.6 2.8 0.152 Need a long-handled appliance or help to reach something, % yes 5.7 3.1 0.057 ↵* P value represents the difference between patients with controlled and uncontrolled gout across the 5 groups of difficulty or in the percent responding “yes.” PROMIS: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire.
- Table 4.
Work productivity and daily activities in the past 7 days — patients with inadequately controlled vs adequately controlled gout. Data are mean (90% CI).
Patients with Inadequately Controlled Gout Patients with Adequately Controlled Gout p Hours missed during past 7 days because of gout problems 1.6 (1.0–2.3) 0.4 (−0.2–1.0) 0.001 Hours missed during past 7 days for other reasons (vacation, etc.) 2.8 (1.9–3.7) 3.4 (1.8–5.1) 0.46 Hours actually worked during past 7 days 35.0 (33.4–36.5) 31.5 (28.6–34.4) 0.17 How gout affected productivity at work during past 7 days 1.91 (1.64–2.18) 0.52 (0.27–0.77) < 0.001 How gout affected daily activities (not work) during past 7 days 2.03 (1.78–2.28) 0.53 (0.30–0.75) < 0.001 Outcome Equation* Percentage of work time missed because of health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) for those who were currently employed Percentage of impairment while working because of health Q5/10 for those who were currently employed and actually worked in the previous 7 days Percentage of overall work impairment due to health Q2/(Q2 + Q4) + ((1 − Q2/(Q2 + Q4)) × (Q5/10)) for those who were currently employed Percentage of activity impairment due to health Q6/10 for all respondents ↵* Results expressed in percentages by multiplying each score by 100. WPAI: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment; Q: question; Q1: currently employed; Q2: hours missed due to health problems; Q3: hours missed for other reasons; Q4: hours actually worked; Q5: degree that health affected productivity while working (using a 0–10 Likert scale); Q6: degree that health affected productivity in regular unpaid activities (0–10 Likert scale).
