Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
The association between joint pain and daily average humidity in older persons with osteoarthritis in relatively cold and warm weather conditions.
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (n = 810)*. Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Variables Values Age, yrs, mean (SD) 74.0 (5.0) Female 556 (68.6) Country Germany 84 (10.4) Italy 167 (20.6) The Netherlands 127 (15.7) Spain 162 (20.0) Sweden 158 (19.5) United Kingdom 112 (13.8) Depression, HADS-D score ≥ 8 at baseline and/or at 12–18 mos followup 198 (24.3) No. days of medication use, median (IQR) 19.0 (10.0–28.0) ↵* Descriptive statistics are weighted, except age, sex, and country. The number of participants are nonweighted. HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression; IQR: interquartile range.
- Table 2.
Average joint pain in older people with osteoarthritis across countries and seasons*. Values are joint pain intensity, 0–10, mean (SD) (based on no. participants/no. pain reports).
Season All Countries, n = 810 Germany, n = 84 Italy, n = 167 The Netherlands, n = 127 Spain, n = 162 Sweden, n = 158 United Kingdom, n = 112 p Overall 3.7 (2.7) (810/25,891) 3.3 (2.2) (84/2882) 4.3 (2.8) (167/5203) 3.9 (2.3) (127/4165) 5.1 (2.9) (162/3900) 2.5 (2.3) (158/5893) 3.8 (2.6) (112/3848) < 0.001 Spring 3.8 (2.7) (561/7895) 3.1 (2.1) (63/815) 4.3 (2.8) (118/1620) 4.0 (2.3) (92/1259) 5.1 (2.8) (119/1816) 2.5 (2.3) (117/1781) 3.0 (2.7) (52/604) < 0.001 Summer 3.8 (2.7) (479/6884) 3.0 (2.1) (54/592) 4.3 (2.8) (88/1227) 4.0 (2.2) (77/1012) 4.8 (2.9) (82/966) 2.4 (2.3) (83/1188) 4.0 (2.7) (95/1899) < 0.001 Autumn 3.6 (2.6) (442/6983) 3.7 (2.4) (61/884) 4.4 (2.8) (103/1615) 4.3 (2.5) (69/858) 4.8 (2.9) (26/314) 2.6 (2.2) (126/2576) 3.8 (2.6) (57/736) < 0.001 Winter 3.9 (2.8) (316/4129) 3.4 (2.2) (50/591) 4.0 (3.0) (68/741) 3.4 (2.4) (59/1036) 5.5 (3.0) (62/804) 2.7 (2.5) (31/348) 4.0 (2.5) (46/609) < 0.001 ↵* The number of participants and pain reports are nonweighted. Descriptive statistics are weighted.
- Table 3.
Associations between daily average weather variables and joint pain intensity in older persons with osteoarthritis.
Models B 95% CI p Effect Size Model 1 Temperature, °C −0.006 −0.010 to −0.003 < 0.001 −0.060 Precipitation, mm −0.001 −0.003–0.003 0.98 −0.003 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.002 −0.004–0.001 0.14 −0.022 Relative humidity, % 0.004 0.003–0.006 < 0.001 0.089 Wind speed, m/s 0.011 −0.004–0.027 0.15 0.025 Model 2 Temperature, °C 0.002 −0.003–0.007 0.45 0.009 Precipitation, mm −0.004 −0.009–0.002 0.18 −0.018 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.003 −0.007–0.002 0.21 −0.023 Relative humidity, % 0.004 0.002–0.007 < 0.01 0.063 Wind speed, m/s −0.020 −0.046–0.006 0.13 −0.032 Model 3 Precipitation, mm −0.006 −0.012 to −0.001 0.03 −0.034 Relative humidity, % 0.005 0.002–0.008 < 0.01 0.068 Wind speed, m/s −0.012 −0.040 to −0.017 0.42 −0.027 Model 1: unadjusted model. Model 2: adjusted for sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed; HADS-D < 8), and medication use (reference category: no medication use). Model 3 includes all pain-weather associations that reached a p value below 0.20 in Model 2; in addition, this model includes sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed (HADS-D < 8), and medication use (reference category: no medication use). B: unstandardized coefficient; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression.
- Table 4.
Associations between 3-day average weather variables and joint pain intensity in older persons with osteoarthritis.
Models B 95% CI p Effect Size Model 1 Temperature, °C −0.005 −0.009 to −0.002 < 0.01 −0.051 Precipitation, mm 0.003 −0.002–0.008 0.19 0.016 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.003 −0.005 to < 0.001 0.07 −0.025 Relative humidity, % 0.007 0.005–0.009 < 0.001 0.130 Wind speed, m/s 0.014 −0.007–0.034 0.18 0.028 Model 2 Temperature, °C 0.003 −0.002–0.008 0.29 0.021 Precipitation, mm −0.001 −0.009–0.007 0.81 −0.002 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.005 −0.009 to −0.001 0.05 −0.034 Relative humidity, % 0.004 0.001–0.007 0.01 0.054 Wind speed, m/s −0.015 −0.046–0.017 0.36 −0.021 Model 3 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.003 −0.008 to −0.002 0.29 0.018 Relative humidity, % 0.004 −0.001–0.007 0.02 0.052 Model 1: unadjusted model. Model 2: adjusted for sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed (HADS-D < 8), and medication use (reference category: no medication use). Model 3 includes all pain-weather associations that reached a p value below 0.20 in Model 2; in addition, this model includes sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed; HADS-D < 8,) and medication use (reference category: no medication use). B: unstandardized coefficient; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression.
- Table 5.
Associations of day-to-day differences in weather variables between 2 consecutive days with joint pain on the second day and day-to-day differences in joint pain intensity in older persons with osteoarthritis.
Models B 95% CI p Effect Size Joint pain on the second day Model 1 Temperature, °C 0.003 −0.013–0.018 0.73 −0.006 Precipitation, mm 0.001 −0.004–0.005 0.76 −0.008 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.002 −0.009–0.005 0.56 −0.003 Relative humidity, % < 0.001 −0.004–0.004 0.92 −0.010 Wind speed, m/s 0.002 −0.022–0.027 0.86 0.003 Model 2 Temperature, °C −0.001 −0.017–0.015 0.91 −0.002 Precipitation, mm −0.002 −0.007–0.002 0.29 −0.015 Atmospheric pressure, hPa 0.003 −0.004–0.009 0.44 0.012 Relative humidity, % 0.001 −0.003–0.005 0.59 0.008 Wind speed, m/s −0.005 −0.034–0.023 0.72 −0.007 Day-to-day differences in joint pain Model 1 Temperature, °C 0.006 −0.003–0.014 0.21 0.001 Precipitation, mm −0.001 −0.004–0.001 0.32 −0.002 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.001 −0.004–0.003 0.84 0.008 Relative humidity, % −0.002 −0.004 to < 0.001 0.08 −0.004 Wind speed, m/s −0.004 0.018–0.009 0.53 0.002 Model 2 Temperature, °C 0.004 −0.007–0.016 0.44 0.003 Precipitation, mm −0.002 −0.005–0.001 0.14 −0.007 Atmospheric pressure, hPa −0.001 −0.005–0.004 0.79 0.009 Relative humidity, % −0.002 −0.005 to < 0.001 0.08 −0.011 Wind speed, m/s 0.001 −0.008–0.002 0.90 0.001 Model 3 Precipitation, mm −0.001 −0.004–0.002 0.49 −0.002 Relative humidity, % −0.003 −0.006 to < 0.001 0.08 0.015 Model 1: unadjusted model. Model 2: adjusted for sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed (HADS-D < 8), and medication use (reference category: no medication use). Model 3 includes all pain-weather associations that reached a p value below 0.20 in Model 2; in addition, this model includes sex (reference category: men), age, country (reference category: Sweden), depression (reference category: not depressed (HADS-D < 8), and medication use (reference category: no medication use). B: unstandardized coefficient; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression.
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