Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Development and validation process for the VITACORA-19 questionnaire. PsA: psoriatic arthritis.
Tables
- Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and health of the study participants (n = 323). Group A: patients with PsA. Group B: patients with arthritis and no psoriatic—any type of arthrosis—any type of dermatitis. Group C: healthy controls.
Characteristics Group A, n = 209 Group B, n = 71 Group C, n = 43 Sociodemographic features Age, yrs*, mean (SD) 48.7 (11.8) 46.5 (15.2) 42 (8.2) Female*, n (%) 89 (42.6) 43 (75.7) 32 (74.4) Educational level*, n (%) No education 6 (2.9) 3 (4.3) 0 Primary education 94 (45) 34 (48.6) 7 (16.4) Secondary education 72 (34.3) 13 (18.6) 12 (27.9) University studies 37 (17.7) 20 (28.6) 24 (55.8) Total 209 (100) 70 (100) 43 (100) Employment status*, n (%) Working 105 (50.5) 31 (44.9) 40 (93) Unemployed 16 (7.6) 5 (7.3) 0 Student 3 (1.4) 3 (4.3) 0 Retired 46 (22.1) 11 (15.9) 0 Housekeeper 26 (12.5) 16 (23.2) 3 (7) Other 12 (5.8) 3 (4.3) 0 Total 208 (100) 69 (100) 43 (100) Health assessments EQ-5D VAS*, mean (SD) VAS (0–100)† 65.4 (22.1) 65.1 (26.4) 91.4 (14.1) EQ-5D descriptive system*, % Mobility problems 44.3 26.9 2.5 Self-care problems 28.6 27 0 Daily activities problems 47.8 19.1 0 Pain/discomfort 68.6 56.5 4.9 Anxiety/depression 50 39.1 0 Perceived health state*, % Good/very good 39.1 45.5 97.1 VITACORA-19*, mean (SD) Global score‡ 56.24 (24.8) 69.23 (24.8) 93.7 (9.1) Clinical features Time from diagnosis, yrs, mean (SD) 8 (7.5) 8 (7.7) — Psoriasis/other dermatitis diagnosis, n (%) 203 (98.5) 40 (56.3) — Comorbidities, n (%) 96 (45.9) 30 (43.2) — BSA, % (SD) 22.4 (28.1) — — BASDAI, 0–10, mean (SD) 2.2 (6.3) — — DAS28, 2–10, mean (SD) 2.7 (1.5) — — -
↵* p < 0.001.
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↵† Range from 0 (worst health status) to 100 (best health status).
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↵‡ Global score range from 0 (worst health-related quality of life) to 100 (best health-related quality of life). Statistical significant differences between study groups after adjusting by sociodemographic differences. PsA: psoriatic arthritis; EQ-5D: EuroQol questionnaire 5-Dimensional; VAS: visual analog scale; VITACORA-19: PsA quality of life questionnaire; BSA: body surface area; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; DAS28: 28-joint Disease Activity Score.
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- Table 3.
Known-groups validity of VITACORA-19 questionnaire according to groups under study, to subset/clinical/activity features, and to EQ-5D and health state perception scores of patients with PsA at baseline (n = 209). Values given are means ± SD. Higher scores signify better HRQoL. Range from 0 to 100.
VITACORA-19 Global Score ANOVA Groups under study Group A, mean (SD), n = 209 56.24 (24.8) p < 0.001 Group B, mean (SD), n = 71 69.23 (24.8) Group C, mean (SD), n = 43 93.76 (9.1) Total, n = 323 64.1 (26.6) p All comparisons (Group A–Group B, Group A–Group C, Group B–Group C) were significant at p < 0.001 after adjusting for sociodemographic differences. PsA clinical subsets Axial, mean (SD), n = 37 53.6 (24.1) p = 0.48 Peripheral, mean (SD), n = 161 56.8 (25.1) Oligoarthritis, mean (SD), n = 90 59.6 (25.1) p = 0.11 Polyarthritis, mean (SD), n =71 53.3 (24.8) Total, n = 198 56.23 (24.8) PsA vs psoriasis Psoriatic arthritis, mean (SD), n = 198 56.24 (24.8) p < 0.05 Psoriasis (Group B), mean (SD), n = 11 79.96 (30.1) PsA disease activity, DAS28 (range 2–10) Remission (< 2.6), n = 62 71.60 (19.8) p < 0.001 Moderate disease activity (2.6–5.1), n = 46 48.36 (20.6) High disease activity (≥ 5.1), n = 10 43.41 (19.5) EQ-5D descriptive system, mean (SD) Mobility problems No, n = 110 68.2 (20.8) Yes, n = 86 40.7 (21.1) p < 0.001 Total, n = 196 56.1 (24.9) Self-care problems No, n = 143 64.7 (21.8) Yes, n = 53 35.7 (14.6) p < 0.001 Total, n = 196 56.4 (24.7) Daily activities problems No, n = 105 71.8 (19.1) Yes, n = 91 31.8 (13.1) p < 0.001 Total, n = 196 56.2 (24.9) Pain/discomfort No, n = 63 78.9 (17.5) Yes, n = 134 39.8 (17.6) p < 0.001 Total, n = 197 56.2 (24.9) Anxiety/depression No, n = 99 70.3 (19.4) Yes, n = 98 38.9 (20.6) p < 0.001 Total, n = 197 56.2 (24.9) Perceived health state, mean (SD) According to patient Good/very good, n = 132 65.0 (19) Neither good nor bad, n = 17 45.9 (23.2) p < 0.001 Poor/very poor, n = 49 30.7 (15.25) Total, n = 198 56.2 (24.8) According to clinician Good/very good, n = 111 71.6 (14.6) Neither good nor bad, n = 37 47.2 (19.9) p < 0.001 Poor/very poor, n = 47 30.3 (14.7) Total, n = 195 56.4 (24.6) -
VITACORA-19: PsA quality of life questionnaire; EQ-5D: EuroQol questionnaire 5-Dimensional; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; DAS28: 28-joint Disease Activity Score; HRQoL: health-related quality of life.
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- Table 4.
Convergent validity of VITACORA-19 overall score with EQ-5D VAS, PsA activity assessments, axial night pain intensity, and PsA global activity estimation by clinician and patients.
Clinical Assessments Pearson’s r VITACORA–19 Global Score EQ-5D (VAS) VAS r –0.493** n 197 PsA activity assessments ESR r –0.287** n 180 CRP r –0.042 n 183 BSA r –0.664 n 180 BASFI r –0.197 n 191 BASDAI r –0.055 n 39 DAS-28 r –0.423** n 118 Axial night pain intensity r 0.029 n 195 PsA global activity According to clinician r 0.566** n 197 According to patients r 0.234* n 197 -
↵* The correlations were statistically significant at p < 0.01.
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↵** The correlations were statistically significant at p < 0.001. VITACORA-19: PsA quality of life questionnaire; EQ-5D: EuroQol questionnaire; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; VAS: visual analog scale; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; BSA: body surface area; BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Function Index; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; DAS28: 28-joint Disease Activity Score.
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- Table 5.
Sensitivity to change over time of the VITACORA-19 questionnaire among patients with PsA according to perceived health state changes.
Patient’s Perceived Health State Changes Baseline Changes Changes at 6 Mos Changes mean SD n mean SD n mean SD n ES High improvement 54.85 27.68 10 77.06 16.59 10 22.21 20.39 10 0.80 Quite improvement 52.15 23.79 35 64.74 21.45 35 12.59 18.94 35 0.53 Small improvement 57.05 22.81 28 64.99 21.29 28 7.94 16.49 28 0.35 The same 61.70 24.88 62 66.66 22.61 62 4.96 15.67 62 0.20 Small worsening 60.25 26.27 11 51.61 18.80 11 –8.64 17.96 11 –0.33 Quite worsening 37.06 21.09 6 28.02 15.83 6 –9.04 12.57 6 –0.43 Global 57.12 24.66 152 63.98 22.73 152 6.86 18.23 152 0.28 -
VITACORA-19: PsA quality of life questionnaire; ES: effect size; PsA: psoriatic arthritis.
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- APPENDIX 1.
Validated version of the VITACORA-19 questionnaire. The following statements refer to how signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis could affect your daily life. Your answers will help us to determine your health status, and how your illness affected your ability to perform your daily activities during the last week. There are 5 possible answers following each statement. Please read each statement carefully, answering every question. In case you are not confident, please choose the answer that fits to your reality more accurately. Answers are neither correct nor incorrect. We are just interested in how your illness affects your daily life.
During the last week, because of your psoriatic arthritis…
Always Very Frequently Occasionally/Sometimes Rarely Never 1. Limited mobility conditioned my life. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Takes me a long time to recover from any physical effort. 1 2 3 4 5 3. It was difficult to change my position in bed (e.g., roll over). 1 2 3 4 5 4. My physical strength diminished. 1 2 3 4 5 5. I was unmotivated, not in the mood of doing anything. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Due to my exhaustion, I was sad and sorrowful. 1 2 3 4 5 7. My mood was affected by illness pain. 1 2 3 4 5 8. I was afraid of pain. 1 2 3 4 5 9. I was worried about being dependent on third parties because of signs and symptoms. 1 2 3 4 5 10. I felt desperate because of symptoms’ pain. 1 2 3 4 5 11. I avoid meeting people. I can’t keep up their pace. 1 2 3 4 5 12. My usual work/non–employment activities (including housework) performance went down. 1 2 3 4 5 13. I was afraid of lose my job after asking for a sick leave. 1 2 3 4 5 14. People shun me because of my skin appearance. 1 2 3 4 5 15. I had difficulties doing some manual activities (e.g., grab something, driving, cooking, use computer…). 1 2 3 4 5 16. My pain woke me up in the middle of the night, not allowing me to rest. 1 2 3 4 5 17. Pain affected me the most. 1 2 3 4 5 18. Inflammation and joint discomfort (e.g., ankle, knee, wrist, fingers…) affected me the most. 1 2 3 4 5 19. I was worried about the future evolution of my illness (e.g., needing a cane or crutches…). 1 2 3 4 5 -
This version in English of the VITACORA-19 questionnaire is provided only to give readers an idea of questionnaire content. It is not an official adapted version, and should not be used in any type of study or in clinical practice. Anyone wishing to use the VITACORA-19 questionnaire should contact the corresponding author.
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