Hydroxychloroquine Use Is Associated with Lower Odds of Persistently Positive Antiphospholipid Antibodies and/or Lupus Anticoagulant in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   1. Meroni PL,
   2. Riboldi P

   . Pathogenic mechanisms mediating antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2001;13:377–82.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Bordin G,
   2. Boldorini R,
   3. Meroni PL

   . The two hit hypothesis in the antiphospholipid syndrome: Acute ischaemic heart involvement after valvular replacement despite anticoagulation in a patient with secondary APS. Lupus 2003;12:851–3.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Pierangeli SS,
   2. Erkan D

   . Antiphospholipid syndrome treatment beyond anticoagulation: Are we there yet? Lupus 2010;19:475–85.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Rand JH,
   2. Wu XX,
   3. Quinn AS,
   4. Ashton AW,
   5. Chen PP,
   6. Hathcock JJ,
   7. et al.

   Hydroxychloroquine protects the annexin A5 anticoagulant shield from disruption by antiphospholipid antibodies: Evidence for a novel effect for an old antimalarial drug. Blood 2010;115:2292–9.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Rand JH,
   2. Wu XX,
   3. Quinn AS,
   4. Chen PP,
   5. Hathcock JJ,
   6. Taatjes DJ

   . Hydroxychloroquine directly reduces the binding of antiphospholipid antibody-beta 2-glycoprotein I complexes to phospholipid bilayers. Blood 2008;112:1687–95.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Erkan D,
   2. Derksen WJ,
   3. Kaplan V,
   4. Sammaritano L,
   5. Pierangeli SS,
   6. Roubey R,
   7. et al.

   Real world experience with antiphospholipid antibody tests: How stable are results over time? Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:1321–5.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   1. Tan EM,
   2. Cohen AS,
   3. Fries JF,
   4. Masi AT,
   5. McShane DJ,
   6. Rothfield NF,
   7. et al.

   The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271–7.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Jung H,
   2. Bobba R,
   3. Su J,
   4. Shariati-Sarabi Z,
   5. Gladman DD,
   6. Urowitz M,
   7. et al.

   The protective effect of antimalarial drugs on thrombovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:863–8.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Miyakis S,
   2. Lockshin MD,
   3. Atsumi T,
   4. Branch DW,
   5. Brey RL,
   6. Cervera R,
   7. et al.

   International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:295–306.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Pengo V,
    2. Tripodi A,
    3. Reber G,
    4. Rand JH,
    5. Ortel TL,
    6. Galli M,
    7. et al.

    Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection. Subcommittee on Lupus Anticoagulant/Antiphospholipid Antibody of the Scientific and Standardisation Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:1737–40.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Jonsen A,
    2. Clarke AE,
    3. Joseph L,
    4. Belisle P,
    5. Bernatsky S,
    6. Nived O,
    7. et al.

    Association of the Charlson comorbidity index with mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res 2011;63:1233–7.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
12. 12.↵
    1. Ruiz-Irastorza G,
    2. Egurbide MV,
    3. Pijoan JI,
    4. Garmendia M,
    5. Villar I,
    6. Martinez-Berriotxoa A,
    7. et al.

    Effect of antimalarials on thrombosis and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2006;15:577–83.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Ruiz-Irastorza G,
    2. Ramos-Casals M,
    3. Brito-Zeron P,
    4. Khamashta MA

    . Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:20–8.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Petri M

    . Use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011;13:77–80.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Petri M

    . Update on anti-phospholipid antibodies in SLE: The Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Lupus 2010;19:419–23.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text