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Biomarker Screening* Disease Activity Treatment Response Radiographic Change† Peripheral blood/serum/plasma Bone alkaline phosphatase ✓ C-reactive protein ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ✓ ✓ Ratio of C-propeptide of type II collagen to collagen fragment neoepitopes Col2–3/4 (long mono) ✓ Interleukin 6 (IL-6) ✓ ✓ Matrix metalloproteinase-3 ✓ ✓ ✓ Melanoma inhibitory activity ✓ Macrophage-colony stimulating factor ✓ Osteoprotegerin ✓ Circulating osteoclast precursors ✓ Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand ✓ Synovial fluid Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 ✓ ✓ IL-1 ✓ ✓ IL-1 receptor antagonist ✓ ✓ IL-6 ✓ ✓ IL-8 ✓ ✓ Synovial tissue CD3-positive cells ✓ Skin IL-17 pathway genes ✓