Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Carotid intima-media thickness: AS patients, 0.62 mm; controls, 0.57 mm (p = 0.02).
Tables
Characteristic AS Patients, n = 59 Controls, n = 30 p Demographic Age, yrs 39 (32–44) 42 (29–57) 0.13 Men, % 63 63 0.75 AS-related factors Disease duration, yrs 9 (3–13) — BASDAI (range 0–10) 6.2 (1.3) — BASFI (range 0–10) 5.2 (1.9) — BASMI (range 0–10) 3 (1–4) — HLA-B27, % 88 — Cardiovascular risk factors Smoking, % 47 14 < 0.01 Brachial systolic blood pressure, mm Hg 119 (10) 118 (11) 0.55 Brachial diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg 69 (8) 72 (8) 0.07 Brachial mean arterial pressure, mm Hg 86 (7) 86 (8) 0.65 Brachial pulse pressure, mm Hg 51 (6) 46 (7) 0.01 Heart rate, bpm 65 (10) 59 (10) 0.02 Total cholesterol, mmol/l 5.0 (1.0) 4.6 (0.8) 0.42 HDL cholesterol, mmol/l 1.3 (0.3) 1.4 (0.4) 0.21 Atherogenic index 3.9 (1.1) 3.4 (1.1) 0.08 Triglycerides, mmol/l 1.1 (0.8–1.8) 1.0 (0.8–1.4) 0.62 Body mass index, kg/m2 25 (5) 24 (4) 0.23 Weight, kg 76 (15) 75 (14) 0.55 Height, cm 176 (11) 176 (9) 0.65 C-reactive protein, mg/l 8 (3–25) 0.8 (0.5–1.7) < 0.01 Carotid artery properties Intima-media thickness, mm 0.62 (0.09) 0.57 (0.10) 0.02 Carotid diameter, mm 6.95 (0.68) 6.92 (0.73) 0.86 Carotid distension, μm 561 (180) 500 (162) 0.14 Carotid pulse pressure, mm Hg 47 (7) 44 (8) 0.04 Distensibility coefficient, 10−3 kPa−1 26.7 (20.5–31.9) 26.2 (18.6–35.3) 0.91 Compliance coefficient, mm2* kPa−1 1.00 (0.80–1.20) 0.95 (0.67–1.16) 0.80 Young’s elastic modulus, kPa 0.42 (0.35–0.55) 0.46 (0.35–0.60) 0.39 -
Continuous variables are presented as means with standard deviations (SD) in case of normal distribution or as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) in case of a non-normal distribution. Dichotomous variables are presented as number of cases and percentage of total.
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B 95% CI p Intima-media thickness Crude 0.047 0.004 to 0.090 0.021 Multivariate (age, sex, and CV risk factors) 0.065 0.032 to 0.125 0.001 Carotid pulse pressure Crude 4.077 0.604 to 7.550 0.040 Multivariate 3.588 0.156 to 7.020 0.041 Distensibility coefficient Crude 0.006 −0.071 to 0.084 0.868 Multivariate −0.021 −0.069 to 0.027 0.388 Compliance coefficient Crude 0.014 −0.059 to 0.088 0.700 Multivariate 0.028 −0.033 to 0.090 0.362 Young’s elastic modulus Crude −0.043 −0.121 to 0.034 0.271 Multivariate −0.009 −0.065 to 0.048 0.755 -
Results are expressed as ß regression coefficient (95% CI). As the carotid stiffness indices (carotid distensibility, compliance, and elastic modulus) were not normally distributed, data are presented with the logarithms (natural) of these values. Variables included in the multivariate models were: age, sex, pulse pressure or mean arterial pressure, heart rate, smoking, atherogenic index, and C-reactive protein.
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