Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves depicting accrual of coronary events over time in patients with normal and abnormal myocardial perfusion scans. Solid line represents the group with normal myocardial perfusion scans; broken line represents the group with abnormal myocardial perfusion scans.
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic and disease-related characteristics of patients with normal and abnormal myocardial per-fusion scans.
Characteristic Normal Scan, n = 76 Abnormal Scan, n = 46 p Age*, yrs, mean (SD) 42.7 (9.9) 48.3 (11.9) 0.007 Disease duration*, yrs, mean (SD) 13.14 (8.7) 16.3 (10.5) 0.07 Caucasian, n (%) 55 (72.4) 40 (87.0) 0.06 Postmenopausal*, n (%) 24 (31.6) 24 (52.2) 0.02 HRT use, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 17/24 (70.8) 14/24 (58.3) 0.37 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 25/76 (32.9) 16/46 (34.8) 0.83 SLEDAI-2K activity score*†, mean (SD) 3.7 (4.5) 3.9 (4.3) 0.87 Elevated anti-DNA antibody* (by radioimmunoassay) 23 (30.3) 16 (34.8) 0.60 Low complement* (low C3 or C4) 21 (27.6) 13 (28.3) 0.94 Antiphospholipid antibody*†† 13 (17.1) 8 (17.4) 0.97 SLICC-DI damage score*,§, mean (SD) 1.57 (1.71) 1.93 (2.04) 0.30 Corticosteroid use, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 64 (84.2) 38 (82.6) 0.82 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 57 (75.0) 37 (80.4) 0.49 Antimalarial use**, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 55 (72.4) 38 (82.6) 0.20 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 59 (77.6) 40 (87.0) 0.20 Immunosuppressive use***, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 38 (50.0) 25 (54.4) 0.64 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 39 (51.3) 23 (50.0) 0.89 -
↵* At time of myocardial scan;
-
↵† scores range from 0 to 105, higher scores indicating more active disease20;
-
↵†† lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibody;
-
↵§ scores range from 0 to 46, higher scores indicating greater disease-related damage19;
-
↵** chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine;
-
↵*** methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide. HRT: hormone replacement therapy, CAD: coronary artery disease; SLEDAI-2K: SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; SLICC-DI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics-Damage Index.
-
- Table 2.
Coronary events, cardiac risk factors, and cardiovascular medications in patients with normal and abnormal myocardial scans.
Event/Risk Factor Normal Scan, n = 76 Abnormal Scan, n = 46 p New coronary event, n (%) 2 (2.6) 13 (28.3) < 0.0001 Ten-year Framingham risk score*†, mean (SD) 2.01 (1.10) 2.39 (0.98) 0.006 Hypertension*,§, n (%) 19 (25.0) 23 (50.0) 0.005 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) 123.6 (18.4) 130.9 (18.2) 0.04 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) 76.9 (9.9) 78.1 (7.6) 0.48 Hypercholesterolemia*††, n (%) 22 (29.0) 17 (37.0) 0.36 Total cholesterol (mmol/l)a, mean (SD) 4.94 (1.16) 5.06 (1.09) 0.56 Reduced HDL cholesterol*,b, n (%) 2 (2.7) 2 (4.4) 0.63 HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)a, mean (SD) 1.47 (0.38) 1.34 (0.38) 0.07 Elevated LDL cholesterol*,c, n (%) 17 (23.0) 12 (26.7) 0.65 LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)a, mean (SD) 2.92 (0.98) 2.94 (1.30) 0.93 Smoking*, n (%) 11 (14.7) 6 (13.0) 0.80 Diabetes*,d, n (%) 3 (4.0) 2 (4.4) 1.00 Body mass index*,e 24.4 (5.8) 25.9 (6.0) 0.16 Antihypertensive usef, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 23 (30.3) 27 (58.7) 0.002 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 42 (55.3) 28 (60.9) 0.54 Lipid-lowering medication useg, n (%) From clinic entry to scan 1/3 (33.3) 5/14 (35.7) 1.00 From scan to CAD event (or last visit) 17 (23.3) 9 (21.4) 0.82 -
↵* At the time of myocardial scan;
-
↵† calculated using patient’s age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and total and high density cholesterol level; on average, low-risk women below 50 years of age have a 10-year risk score ranging from minus 2 to 3 inclusive, while low-risk women above 50 years of age have a 10-year risk score ranging from 6 to 8 inclusive22–24;
-
↵§ defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or treatment with antihypertensives25–27;
-
↵†† ≥5.2 mmol/l or lipid-lowering therapy28.
-
↵a To convert mmol/l to mg/l multiply by 38.67;
-
↵b < 0.9 mmol/l29,30;
-
↵c > 3.4 mmol/l29,30;
-
↵d defined as fasting plasma glucose > 7.0 mmol/l or diabetes therapy30,31;
-
↵e weight in kilogram divided by the square of the height in meters32;
-
↵f diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers;
-
↵g HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (“statins”).
-
- Table 3.
Cox regression analysis of independent predictors of coronary events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Variable Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p Disease duration at time of myocardial scan NS Abnormal myocardial scan 13.0 (2.8–60.1) 0.001 Ten-year Framingham risk score† at time of myocardial scan 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) 0.01 -
↵† Calculated using patient’s age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and total and high density cholesterol level22–24. For definitions of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, reduced HDL-C, and elevated LDL-C refer to the legend for Table 2. NS: nonsignificant, p > 0.05.
-
In this issue
