Background Oral fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate–receptor modulator that prevents
the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, significantly improved relapse rates and end …

The inflammatory myopathies, commonly described as idiopathic, are the largest group of
acquired and potentially treatable myopathies. On the basis of unique clinical, …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has potent effects on neuronal survival and plasticity
during development and after injury. In the nervous system, neurons are considered the …

Clonal composition and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells
infiltrating actively demyelinating multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions were determined with …

There is emerging evidence that the commensal microbiota has a role in the pathogenesis
of multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of the CNS. Here, we compared …

We established microRNA profiles from active and inactive multiple sclerosis lesions. Using
laser capture microdissection from multiple sclerosis lesions to pool single cells and in vitro …

Understanding the mechanisms of immune cell migration to multiple sclerosis lesions offers
significant therapeutic potential. This study focused on the chemokines CXCL12 (SDF-1) …

We report that B cell–activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is
expressed in the normal human brain at ∼10% of that in lymphatic tissues (tonsils and adenoids…

Recent immunohistological and imaging studies emphasize the crucial role of axonal injury
in determining the extent of permanent neurological deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis…

Axonal injury is considered the major cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS),
but the underlying effector mechanisms are poorly understood. Starting with a proteomics…