Genetic studies have revealed many variant loci that are associated with immune-mediated
diseases. To elucidate the disease pathogenesis, it is essential to understand the function of …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance
and immune homeostasis. IL-10 has an important role in maintaining the normal immune …

IL-17A is a T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, six related molecules have been identified to form the IL-17 …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated IgG antibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies
(ACPAs) have diverse glycosylation variants; however, key sugar chains modulating the …

Recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of complex disease risk alleles modify
gene expression in a cell-specific manner 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . To identify candidate causal genes and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease involving multiple
immune cells. To elucidate SLE pathogenesis, it is essential to understand the dysregulated …

IL-32 is a newly described cytokine in the human found to be an in vitro inducer of tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We examined the in vivo relationship between IL-32 and TNFα, …

Autoantibodies induce various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). We previously described that CD4 + CD25 − LAG3 + regulatory T cells (LAG3 + …

Interleukin‐27 (IL‐27) suppresses immune responses through inhibition of the development
of IL‐17 producing Th17 cells and induction of IL‐10 production. We previously showed that …

Inhibitory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10),
are humoral factors involved in the suppressive function of regulatory T cells and play …