CAR T Cells for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A 20-year-old woman with
refractory SLE with active lupus nephritis (WHO class IIIA), nephrotic syndrome, pericarditis, …

Macrophages are considered to contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid
arthritis 1 . However, both the exact origin and the role of macrophages in inflammatory …

Microbial metabolites are known to modulate immune responses of the host. The main
metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine, short-chain fatty …

Mesenchymal responses are an essential aspect of tissue repair. Failure to terminate this
repair process correctly, however, results in fibrosis and organ dysfunction. Therapies that …

Objectives Autophagy is a homeostatic process to recycle dispensable and damaged cell
organelles. Dysregulation of autophagic pathways has recently been implicated in the …

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) of the joints, gut and skin are treated with
inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized
by adaptive immune system activation, formation of double-stranded DNA autoantibodies …

Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of autoimmune disease, but the
mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis affects the transition from asymptomatic …

Blocking TNF effectively inhibits inflammation and structural damage in human rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). However, so far it is unclear whether the effect of TNF is a direct one or indirect …

The checkpoints and mechanisms that contribute to autoantibody-driven disease are as yet
incompletely understood. Here we identified the axis of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and the T H 17 …