Osteoblasts are mononucleated cells that are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and that
are responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of bone during initial bone formation …

Osteocalcin (OC) is a non‐collagenous, vitamin K‐dependent protein secreted in the late
stage of osteoblasts differentiation. The presence of the three residues of γ‐carbossiglutamatic …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are influenced
by body composition, insulin resistance, and body fat distribution in healthy women. DESIGN…

Angiogenesis is a multistep process driven by a wide range of positive and negative regulatory
factors. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in the regulation of this process. …

Evidence of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of T and B cells, macrophages, dendritic
cells, and keratinocytes continues to accumulate and provides a link between vitamin D and …

Background The inflammatory contribution to type 2 diabetes (T2D) has suggested new
therapeutic targets using biologic drugs designed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On this basis, we …

Purpose Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate usually used in treating
bone disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, fibrous dysplasia, hypercalcemia of …

25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), the active form of vitamin D, modulates both innate
and adaptive immune responses. Emerging epidemiological data has also demonstrated …

There is much evidence that rheumatoid arthritis is closely linked to angiogenesis. Important
angiogenic mediators have been demonstrated in synovium and tenosynovium of …

… Covelli, FP Cantatore, V. Patella1, G. Lo Bianco1, G. … Florenzo Iannone MD, PhD,
Research Assistant; Cosimo De Bari, MD, Research Assistant; Francesco Dell’Accio, MD …