Objective To investigate whether smoking and HLA–DR shared epitope (SE) genes may
interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline‐modified proteins. Methods In a case–…

The atherosclerotic lesion contains large numbers of macrophages and T lymphocytes. This
suggests that a cellular immune response may take place in the lesion, and oxidized …

Objectives: A gene–environment interaction between HLA-DR shared epitope genes and
smoking in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been …

Objectives: To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in
clinically non-affected tissues of controls. Methods: Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 …

Objective Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists
is highly effective, but their mechanisms of action are not completely clear. Since anti‐TNF …

Objective. To study cytokine expression in muscle tissues of patients with inflammatory
myopathies and to compare the profiles of patients with polymyositis (PM), inclusion body …

Objective To investigate type I interferon (IFN) system activation and its correlation with
autoantibodies and organ manifestations in polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and …

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade in
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diminishes synovial synthesis of TNFα, interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), and IL‐1β…

Objective High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB‐1) is an endogenous nuclear
protein that can be translocated to the cytoplasm and then released extracellularly. It can …

OBJECTIVES--To develop and evaluate a new immunohistochemical method to study the
localisation and phenotype of individual cytokine producing cells in synovial biopsy …