Anti-DNA topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) antibody profiles were compared before and after lung cancer in 2 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Both patients developed adenocarcinoma of the lung late in the course of SSc and died of the cancer. Anti-topo I antibody levels, determined by double immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, increased markedly at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer. Furthermore, patients' sera obtained after lung cancer reacted with multiple epitopes on the entire topo I molecule, some of which had not previously been recognized. These results further support the concept that anti-topo I antibody production in SSc patients is due to an antigen-driven process.