Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted direct healthcare and indirect costs (2016 US$) in the followup period^¹.

Variables	Unadjusted Analysis		Adjusted Analysis
Variables	Patients with SSc	Matched Controls	Patients with SSc	Matched Controls	Cost Difference	p
All-cause annual healthcare costs
Total direct healthcare costs	22,016	5977	18,069	5250	12,820	< 0.0001
Total medical costs	16,269	4076	13,024	3268	9756	< 0.0001
IP	6502	1316	5967	1267	4701	< 0.0001
ER	708	248	638	240	398	< 0.0001
OP	8025	2365	6766	1942	4825	< 0.0001
Other	1035	148	837	182	656	< 0.0001
Pharmacy	5746	1901	4625	1684	2942	< 0.0001
Annual indirect costs
Total indirect costs	5170	1663	4554	1451	3103	< 0.0001
Disability	1554	137	1513	151	1361	< 0.0001
Medically related absenteeism	3616	1526	3362	1333	2029	< 0.0001

↵1 The followup period was defined as the 12-month period following the index date. Values are expressed as means. SSc: systemic sclerosis; IP: inpatient; ER: emergency room; OP: outpatient.