Cohort pregnancy outcomes. Values are n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise specified.
| Variables | Group 1, TNFi Therapy at Conception | Group 2, TNFi Therapy throughout Pregnancy |
|---|---|---|
| No. women with pregnancy | 11 | 29 |
| No. pregnancies | 14 | 32 |
| Singleton, live born | 12 | 30 |
| Twins, live born, sets | 0 | 2 |
| Age, yrs | 31.9 ± 5.35 | 34 ± 4.75, p = 0.188 |
| Diagnosis | ||
| RA | 6 | 15 |
| PsA | 2 | 6 |
| AS | 2 | 2 |
| JIA | 1 | 2 |
| IBD/psoriasis | 0 | 4 |
| Baseline disease control | ||
| Quiescent | 11/14 (78.6) | 22/32 (68.7) |
| Mild | 2/14 (14.3) | 7/32 (21.8) |
| Moderate | 1/14 (7.14) | 3/32 (9.37) |
| Severe | 0 | 0 |
| TNFi agent | ||
| Infliximab | 0 | 3/29 (10.3) |
| Adalimumab | 0 | 6/29 (20.6) |
| Etanercept | 6/11 (54.5) | 12/29 (41.4) |
| Golimumab | 2/11 (18.2) | 1/29 (3.4) |
| Certolizumab | 3/11 (27.3) | 7/29 (24.1) |
| Conventional DMARD use | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0 | 5/29 (17.2) |
| Sulfasalazine | 0 | 3/29 (10.3) |
| Azathioprine | 0 | 2/29 (6.9) |
| Steroids | 0 | 2/29 (6.9) |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| Vaginal | 8/12 (66) | 21/32 (65.6) |
| Cesarean | 4/12 (33) | 11/32 (34.3) |
| Pregnancy outcome | ||
| Live birth | 12/14 (85.7) | 34 (100) |
| Spontaneous abortion | 2/14 (14.3) | 0 |
| Maternal outcomes | ||
| Peripartum flare | 5/14 (35.7) | 3/32 (9.4), p = 0.030 |
| Postpartum flare | 8/12 (66) | 6/32 (18.7), p = 0.002 |
| Preeclampsia | 0 | 2/32 (6.25) |
| Preterm delivery | 0 | 2/32 (6.25) |
| Fetal outcomes | ||
| Birth weight, g | 3366 ± 370 | 3199 ± 715, p = 0.445 |
| Premature, < 37 weeks | 0 | 3 (9.37) |
| Congenital anomalies | 1 (7.14) | 0 |
RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PsA: psoariatic arthritis; AS: ankylosing spondylitis; JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; TNFi: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.