Demographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors in men with SLE and control subjects at screening for coronary artery calcifications. Data are expressed as mean (SD) or median (minimum–maximum), unless otherwise specified.
| Variable | Patients with SLE, n = 95 | Control Subjects, n = 100 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, yrs | 34.7 (10.1) | 34.8 (9.7) | 0.97 |
| Education, yrs | 13.3 (3.6) | 13.9 (2.9) | 0.31 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.6 (5.8) | 27.9 (4.2) | 0.006 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.3 (14.5) | 94.3 (11.2) | 0.007 |
| Coronary artery risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Current smoking | 18 (19) | 23 (23) | 0.59 |
| Ever smoking | 48 (51) | 49 (49) | 0.89 |
| Hypertension† | 37 (39) | 4 (4) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 115.8 (9.5) | 113.4 (10.4) | 0.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm/Hg | 74.5 (8.5) | 76.7 (6.9) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 8 (8) | 4 (4) | 0.24 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 184.2 (57.4) | 199.1 (36.2) | < 0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 112.4 (41.9) | 121.5 (29.4) | 0.007 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 39.1 (11.4) | 48.9 (8.9) | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 172.7 (117.7) | 183.1 (110.8) | 0.54 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 89.7 (15.6) | 105.9 (44.8) | < 0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl | 96.9 (30.6) | 105.6 (22.3) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.93 (0.36–19.04) | 0.95 (0.65–1.36) | 0.66 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI), ml/min | 105.0 (3.0–169) | 103.5 (60–131) | 0.83 |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min, n (%) | 15 (16) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Homocysteine, mg/dl | 14.3 (10.1) | 9.6 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Ultrasensitive CRP, mg/l | 4.96 (11.7) | 2.4 (3.6) | 0.06 |
| MetS, n (%) | 34 (36) | 34 (34) | 0.88 |
| Framingham risk score | 3 (2–25) | 3 (2–18) | 0.32 |
| Coronary artery calcification, n (%)‡ | 17 (18) | 7 (7) | 0.03 |
↵† Hypertension defined as systolic bood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
↵‡ Coronary artery calcification defined as total calcium score > 0. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; MetS: metabolic syndrome; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.