Author | Design | N (M/F) | Study Population | Disease Duration, yrs, mean | Definition of VF | Prevalence of VF (%) | Association with Low BMD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arends6 | Cross-sectional | 128 (93/35) | AS† | 14 | RadiographicA | 20% | No association |
Capaci8 | Cross-sectional | 73 (49/24) | AS† | 11.8 | RadiographicB | 5.5% | No association |
Donnelly10 | Cross-sectional | 87 (62/25) | AS# | M: 16.3, F: 16.6 | RadiographicB | 10.3, n = 9 | No reduction in BMD by DEXA of LS, FN, and WB. |
Geusens13 | Cross-sectional | 390 (175/215) | SpA‡: | 10.8 | RadiographicA | 11.8% | Significantly associated with FN BMD: OR 1.38 per 1 SD decrease of T score (95% CI 1.08–1.62) |
73.3% AS | |||||||
10.3% PsA | |||||||
4.6% EnA | |||||||
11.8% uSpA | |||||||
Ghozlani14 | Cross-sectional | 80 (67/13) | AS† | 10.8 | RadiographicA | 18.8% | Associated with reduced BMD and T score at hip site and presence of osteoporosis at any site |
Jun18 | Cross-sectional | 68 (68/0) | AS† | 68 mo | RadiographicA | 16.2% | Lower BMD at hip |
Klingberg44 | Cross-sectional | 204 (117/87) | AS† | 24 | RadiographicA | 11.8% | Patients with VF had significantly lower BMD at all sites compared to patients without a VF |
Klingberg20 | Cross-sectional | 69 (69/0) | AS† | 23 | RadiographicA | 12% | DEXA: AP and lateral lumbar BMD, lumbar vBMD and BMD of FN, and TH all lower in patients with VF. No difference in forearm DEXA. |
QCT: lower cortical lumbar vBMD in presence of VF. | |||||||
Lange39 | Cross-sectional | 58 (38/20) | AS† | 17.6 | RadiographicC | 12.1% | All VF had osteoporosis by QCT LS |
Maillefert24 | Longitudinal | 54 (35/19) | AS† | 12.4 | RadiographicA | 3.7% | NR |
2-yr followup | |||||||
Mitra25 | Cross-sectional | 66 (66/0) | AS¥ | 9.85 | RadiographicB | 16.7% vs 2.6% of controls (OR 5.92) | No correlation between BMD of LS or FN and VF |
Montala45 | Cross-sectional | 176 (138/38) | AS† | 22.5 | RadiographicA | 32.4% | NR |
Robinson46 | Prospective | 17764 (M/F NR) | AS†† | NR | ClinicalD | 4.1%, n = 724 | NR |
Increased proportion of VF in admitted patients from 0.82% in 1987 to 11.3% in 2008 | |||||||
Toussirot26 | Cross-sectional | 71 (49/22) | AS† | 10.6 | RadiographicA | 1.4% | NR |
Ulu27 | Cross-sectional | 59 (50/9) | AS† | 11.5 | RadiographicE | 30.6% | VF associated with osteoporosis by lat LS DEXA |
Vosse47 | Case-control | 758 (442/316) | AS† | NR | ClinicalG | 4.5% | NR |
↵† Fulfilling modified New York criteria.
↵# Classification criteria for inclusion not reported.
↵‡ SpA diagnosis made by treating rheumatologist.
↵¥ Modified Schober’s test ≥ 5 cm, radiographically normal hips, absent or incipient syndesmophytes.
↵†† ICD code of AS in Swedish National Hospital Discharge Registry.
A: morphometric VF on radiographs, Genant42 classification; AS: ankylosing spondylitis; B: morphometric VF on radiographs, McCloskey43 classification; BMD: bone mineral density; C: morphometric VF on radiographs, vertebral height (thoracic/lumbar spine) height decrease > 15%; D: discharge diagnosis; E: morphometric VF on radiographs, vertebral height (thoracic/lumbar spine) height decrease > 20%; DEXA: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; EnA: enteropathic arthropathy; FN: femoral neck; G: VF diagnosis in General Practice Research Database, computerized records of sample of general practitioners in the United Kingdom; LS: lumbar spine; lat LS: lateral LS; NR: not reported; PsA: psoriatic arthropathy; QCT: quantitative computed tomography; SpA: spondyloarthropathy; TH: total hip; TS: thoracic spine; uSpA: undifferentiated SpA; vBMD: volumetric BMD; VF: vertebral fracture; WB: whole body; AP: anteroposterior.